전략변화에 관한 종단적 연구 : 한국의 벤처기업을 중심으로
A Longitudinal Study on Strategic Change : The Case of Korean Start-up Companies
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급격한 환경변화 하에서 전략변화는 기업의 생존과 지속적 성장에 필수적인 과제이다. 전략변화에 관한 다양한 이론적 실증적 논의가 진행되어 왔지만, 많은 연구가 횡단적인(cross sectional) 데이터를 이용하거나 전략변화의 연관변수들을 부분적으로 다루는 경우가 일반적이다. 본 연구는 이러한 점에서 착안하여 종단적(longitudinal)인 자료를 가지고 전략이 변화하는가를 탐색적으로 분석하고 나아가 그러한 전략변화와 관련있는 변수들을 최고경영자, 자원, 조직 및 환경 특성으로 구분하여 총체적인 모델을 제시하고 이를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구는 120개 한국의 벤처기업을 연구 집단으로 하여 1997년과 2000년의 두 시점에 걸친 전략변화를 분석하였다. 외환위기라는 심대한 환경변화를 거치면서 실제 많은 벤처기업들이 전략변화를 시도하였고, 그러한 전략변화는 자금의 조달능력, 조직의 규모, 환경의 불확실성 등과 유의한 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 검증되었다. 이는 전략변화가 상당 부분 기업의 내부적인 변수에 의하여 이루어진다는 시사점을 제공한다. 또한 전략변화를 연구하는데 있어서 조직과 환경의 중요성을 통합적으로 제시해준다.
Abstract
Strategic change has been an important issue for companies to ensure survival and continued growth. To complement past studies, the present paper addresses the topic with longitudinal data and an empirical model integrating both internal and external factors. Based on the data of 120 start-up companies in Korea, the paper measured strategic change for the period 1997-2000, when the Korean economy was exposed to the Asian Financial Crisis. The empirical results confirmed that companies actually changed their strategies to a significant degree and that those changes were significantly related to both internal factors and external variables. Specifically, financial resources, organizational size, and environmental uncertainty turned out to be the main factors to explain the strategic changes. The empirical outcomes implies the importance of an integrative model for strategic change, where both internal and external factors co-exist to unfold complex dynamics.
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