상사의 구조적 및 희생적 행동이 대인지향 행동에 이르는 과정에서 감정노동의 역할
The Roles of Emotional Labor in the Process of Supervisor’ Initiative and Sacrifice Behaviors on Interpersonal-oriented Behaviors
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참고문헌
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초록
감정노동은 소비자와 서비스 제공자의 관계에서 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 감정노동을 조직에서 상사와 부하의 관계에 적용하고자 하였다. 연구목적은 구조적 및 희생적 행동으로 구분되는 상사 행동 유형의 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)에 대한 영향력, 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)의 대인지향 행동(일탈행동, 개인차원 시민행동)에 대한 직접효과, 상사 행동 유형(구조적, 희생적)과 대인지향 행동(일탈행동, 개인차원 시민행동)의 관계에서 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)의 매개효과 검증이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 자료는 제주지역에 소재하고 있는 공기업 및 공공기관 종사자를 대상으로 하였으며, 250부의 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 설문지 가운데 불성실하게 응답한 문항을 제외한 총 222부의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구결과를 정리하면, 상사의 구조적 행동은 표면행동과 일탈행동을 촉진하는 원인이 되며, 상사의 희생적 행동은 심층행동과 개인차원 시민행동에 긍정적인 영향력이 있었다. 반면에 구조적 행동은 심층행동과 개인차원 시민행동을 저감하게 하는 원인이 되며, 희생적 행동은 표면행동과 일탈행동을 감소시키는 원인으로 확인되었다. 감정노동과 대인지향 행동의 관계에서 표면행동은 일탈행동에, 심층행동은 개인차원 시민행동에 긍정적인 영향력이 확인되었다. 또한 표면행동은 개인차원 시민행동을 감소시키는 원인으로 확인되었다. 양자관계에서 매개효과는 구조적-표면-개인차원 시민행동, 구조적-심층-개인차원 시민행동, 희생적-표면-개인차원 시민행동, 희생적-심층-개인차원 시민행동의 경로에서 완전 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 상사의 행동유형에 따라 부하가 보이는 감정노동 유형에 차이가 있고, 감정노동 유형에 대한 대인지향 행동 유형에도 차이가 있음을 실증적으로 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
Emotional labor, one of the main concepts to investigate service provider’s response in service encounter, consists of both surface acting and deep acting. It is extensively used in service encounter research area, while it has been applied to only a few studies in organizational context in terms of contemporary organizations. Emotional labor is also frequently shown between supervisors and subordinate in the perspective of performance management. Thus the concept of emotional labor can be applied to understand supervisor and subordinate’s behaviors in organizational environment. In this study, as an antecedent researcher was considered to the role of supervisor which is classified with initiative behavior and self-sacrifice behavior. In this case, the effect caused by emotional labor was likely to influence interpersonal behaviors. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify various effects produced by supervisor’s emotional labor and then examine the effects of emotional labor on interpersonal behaviors – deviance behavior, organizational citizenship behavior in individual level. It also verify the roles of mediation by emotional labor between supervisors' behaviors and interpersonal behaviors. In order to achieve the research goal, it collected data from state-owned companies and local government in Jeju, Korea. A total of 222 valid questionnaires, out of 250 distributed, were utilized for analysis. In regards to the demographic profile for respondents, the total comprised 125(56.3%) male and 97(43.7%) female. A total of 51(23%) respondents were aged between 20 and 29, and 105(47.3%) respondents were aged between 30 and 39. The rest 66(29.7%) were aged more than 40. The results indicated that initiative behavior is associated with surface acting and deviant behaviors positively. And sacrificed behaviors are positively related to deep acting and extra-role behaviors. However, initiative behavior is negatively associated with deep acting and extra-role behaviors. Sacrificed behaviors are related to surface acting and deviant behaviors. In regards to the mediation result, four paths: initiative behavior-surface acting-deviant behavior; initiative behavior-deep acting- extra-role behavior; sacrificed behavior-surface acting-extra-role behavior; and sacrificed behavior-deep acting-extra-role behavior are significantly mediated in parts. Moreover, the results also show that there were significant differences in the types of subordinates’ emotional labor shown in accordance with the types of supervisors’ behavior. In terms of interpersonal behaviors, the types of emotional labor facilitate different types of interpersonal behaviors. These results have theoretical and practical contributions in terms of the application of emotional labor to organizational environment.
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