개인-직무 적합성과 과업성과의 관계에 대한 LMX의 조절효과
The Moderating Effects of LMX on the Relationship between Person-Job Fit and Task Performance
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본 연구는 개인-직무 적합성을 수요-능력 적합성과 욕구-공급 적합성이라는 2개의 하위차원으로 구분하고, 각각의 하위차원이 과업성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그리고 수요-능력 적합성과 욕구-공급 적합성이 과업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 LMX의 조절 효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 가설검증을 위해 우리나라 기업의 사무 관리직 종사자 199명을 대상으로 설문지를 수집하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 모든 가설을 지지하였다. 첫째, 수요-능력 적합성은 과업성과에 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 욕구-공급 적합성은 과업성과에 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, LMX는 수요-능력 적합성과 과업성과의 관계를 부적(-)으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과에 따르면 수요-능력 적합성이 과업성과에 미치는 영향의 정도는 LMX 수준에 따라 달라지는데, 높은 LMX를 가진 내집단 구성원에 비해 낮은 LMX를 가진 외집단 구성원 경우 수요-능력 적합성이 과업성과에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 더 크다는 것이다. 넷째, 욕구-공급 적합성과 과업성과의 관계에서도 LMX는 부적(-) 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과 역시 내집단 구성원보다 외집단 구성원에게 욕구-공급 적합성이 과업성과에 미치는 영향이 더 크다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 개인-직무 적합성과 과업성과의 관계에 대해 LMX의 조절 효과를 확인하였다는 점에 의의가 있으며, 다양한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다.
Abstract
This study purport to examine the relationships between person-job fit and task performance as well as the moderating effect of LMX on their relationships. For this study, person-job fit is divided into two sub-dimensions, demand-ability fit and need-supply fit, and four hypotheses were developed. Data were collected from 199 employees using questionnaires to test the hypotheses and the following results were found. First, demand-ability fit positively related to task performance. Second, need-supply fit also positively related to task performance. Third, LMX negatively moderated the relationship between demand-ability fit and task performance. And finally, LMX also negatively moderated the relationship between need-supply fit and task performance. The negative moderating effects indicate that the influence of each sub-dimension of person-job fit on task performance is weakened when the employees have high level of LMX relationships. The results of this study contribute to expand the understanding of the relationship between person-job fit and task performance, especially suggesting the role of LMX as a key moderator of their relationship. The theoretical as well as practical implications of the results were discussed with the suggestion for future research.
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