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요구-능력 적합성이 잡크래프팅에 미치는 영향 -업무탐색의 매개효과와 리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로-

The Effects of Demands-Abilities Fit on Job Crafting -The Mediating Role of Work Exploration and the Moderated Mediating Role of Leder-Member Exchange(LMX)-

오현성|노미오
대한경영정보학회 (Daehan Academy Of Management Information Systems)|2024.12|경영과 정보연구 (Management & Information Systems Review)|제43권 제4호|pp. 117-140|DOI 10.29214/damis.2024.43.4.007

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키워드

잡크래프팅리더-구성원 교환관계job craftingLeader-Member Exchange(LMX)demands-abilities fit요구-능력 적합성업무탐색work exploration
주제분류경영학

초록

[연구목적] 본 연구는 요구-능력 적합성이 업무탐색에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 업무탐색이 잡크래프팅에미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 또한 요구-능력 적합성이 업무탐색을 매개로 잡크래프팅 행동에 미치는 영향을검증함으로써 객관적인 능력 관점에서 요구-능력 적합성과 잡크래프팅 간의 관계에서 매개 메커니즘을 확장하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 요구-능력 적합성이 업무탐색을 매개로 잡크래프팅에 정(+)의 효과가 나타날 때리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)가 높을수록 정(+)의 매개효과가 더욱 증가되는지에 대한 조절된 매개효과를 검증하여 그동안 잡크래프팅 연구에서 소외되었던 개인의 경력역량 측면과 환경적으로 관계적 측면의 연구를확장하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 173부의 온라인 설문지와 377부의 오프라인 설문지를 통해 550명의 데이터를 수집하였다. 연구표본은 제조회사의 연구직·기술직 직원, 은행원, 사무직 근로자, 통신회사의 기술자, 병원의 간호사등이 포함되었다. 수집된 자료의 통계분석은 SPSS 18.0, AMOS 22.0을 사용하여 가설을 검증하였다. [연구결과] 요구-능력 적합성은 업무탐색에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤고, 업무탐색은 잡크래프팅에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 요구-능력 적합성과 잡크래프팅 간의 관계에서 업무탐색의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 그러나요구-능력 적합성이 업무탐색을 통해 잡크래프팅에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)의조절된 매개효과는 인지 크래프팅에서만 나타났고, 과업 크래프팅과 관계 크래프팅에 영향을 미치는 경로에서는 기각되었다. [연구의 시사점] 그동안 잡크래프팅 연구에서는 조직의 요구와 개인의 능력이 불일치할 때 잡크래프팅이촉진된다는 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 요구-능력 적합성이 잡크래프팅을 촉진시킨다는 주장을 뒷받침한다. 또한, 현재 노동시장에서 경력역량이 중요함에도 불구하고 이에 대한 선행연구가 매우 부족하다. 그러므로 잡크래프팅을 하게 하는 기회요인으로 경력역량의 구성요소인 업무탐색을 매개변수로, 환경적인 지지 요인으로 LMX를 조절변수로 연구를 시도한 것은 의미가 있다.

Abstract

[Purpose] This study verified the influence of demands-abilities fit on work exploration and the influence of work exploration on job crafting. In addition, by verifying the influence of demands-abilities fit on job crafting behavior through work exploration, it attempted to expand the mediating mechanism in the relationship between demands-abilities fit and job crafting from an objective ability perspective. Finally, when demands-abilities fit has a positive effect on job crafting through work exploration, it verified the moderated mediating effect on whether the positive mediating effect increases more as leader-member exchange(LMX) increases, thereby expanding the research on the individual's career competencies aspect and the environmental relational aspect that have been neglected in job crafting research. [Methodology] This study collected data from 550 people through 173 online questionnaires and 377 offline questionnaires. The research sample included researchers and technical staff from manufacturing companies, bank employees, office workers, technicians from telecommunication companies, and nurses from hospitals. Statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 22.0 to verify the hypothesis. [Findings] Demands-abilities fit had a positive effect on work exploration, and work exploration had a positive effect on job crafting. In addition, the mediating effect of work exploration was verified in the relationship between demands-abilities fit and job crafting. However, in the path where demands-abilities fit affects job crafting through work exploration, the moderated mediating effect of leader-member exchange(LMX) was only found in cognitive crafting, and was rejected in the path where it affects task crafting and relationship crafting. [Implications] In the past, research on job crafting mainly focused on the fact that job crafting is promoted when there is a mismatch between the demands of the organization and the capabilities of the individual. However, this study supports the claim that demands-abilities fit promotes job crafting. In addition, although career competencies is important in the current labor market, there is a great lack of prior research on it. Therefore, it is meaningful to attempt a study on work exploration, a component of career competencies, as a mediating variable as an opportunity factor for job crafting, and LMX as a moderating variable as an environmental support factor.

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