전제적 리더십이 과업성과와 창의성에 미치는 영향 - 심리적 주인의식의 매개역할 -
The Impact of Despotic Leadership on Task Performance and Creativity - Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership -
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초록
국제적인 경쟁의 심화, 환경적 불확실성의 고조 등은 조직의 생존과 번영을 위한 더욱 많은 고민과 노력을 필요로 한다. 특히 조직 성과 및 성공의 기초가 되는 구성원의 행동과 성과의 중요성이 더욱 부각되면서 이들을 동기부여하기 위해 다양한 조직관리 방식, 인적자원관리 제도 등이 소개 및 도입되고 있다. 그 중에서도 조직에 대한 구성원의 책임감과 소속감을 유지시키고, 기본 임무 완수 및 창의적 업무 성과를 창출해 낼 수 있도록 하는 리더의 능력과 자질이 더욱 요구되는 시점이다. 하지만 실제 조직에서는 바람직한 리더십 못지 않게, 상사의 강압적이고 비윤리적인 행동 또한 실존하며 이런 부정적 리더십에 의해 비용은 결코 적지 않다. 아울러 리더의 파괴적인 영향력은 개인뿐만 아니라 조직 전체의 효율성 저하 및 조직문화의 파괴로 이어지고, 나아가 사회 및 국가 경쟁력 저하의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 조직 구성원의 과업성과와 조직 경쟁우위의 원천으로 인식되는 창의성을 저해하는 위계상 상급자인 상사의 파괴적이고 비윤리적인 전제적 리더십의 부정적 영향과 이 과정에서의 심리적 주인의식의 매개 효과에 관한 실증 연구를 수행하였다. 육군 간부(장교 및 부사관)를 대상으로 부하와 그들의 직속상사로 구성된 총 211쌍의 설문자료를 분석한 결과, 상사의 전제적 리더십은 구성원들의 심리적 주인의식과 부적(-) 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났고, 낮아진 심리적 주인의식이 전제적 리더십이 과업성과와 창의성에 미치는 부정적 효과를 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 전제적 리더가 조직 구성원의 심리적 주인의식을 저해하는 파괴적 요인이며, 이와 함께 심리적 주인의식이 구성원들의 과업성과 및 창의성을 저하시키는 전제적 리더십 행동의 파괴성을 연결하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 실증연구를 통해 상대적으로 연구가 제한된 전제적 리더십의 부정적 효과에 대한 이해의 범위를 넓히고, 리더의 긍정적 리더십이 주류를 이루는 전통적인 리더십 연구와는 다른 관점을 택함으로써 리더십 연구의 영역을 확장하였다. 또한, 전제적 리더십이 부하의 심리적 주인의식에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그 영향으로 인해 과업성과 및 부하의 창의성은 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴봄으로써 실무적으로도 현장에서 억제 또는 제거되어야 할 부정적 리더십에 대한 구체적인 교훈을 제공한다. 이를 통해 생존과 번영을 추구하는 조직 경영자들에게 현장의 리더십을 어떻게 관리하고 무엇을 교육·훈련시켜야 할 것인가에 대한 시사점을 제안하고 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구 방향이 논의되었다.
Abstract
Currently the world is in an unexpected COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of this, as telecommuting and non-face-to-face work become more common in the workplace, It is required to have leadership capabilities of leaders to maintain the psychological stability of the followers in the organization, a sense of responsibility and belonging to the organization and to be creative. However, even in the changed work environments, negative leadership issues are constantly occurring due to the coercive and unethical behavior of the leaders at work. The disruptive influence of the leader leads to destruction of work performance and organizational culture of not only individuals but also the organization as a whole, and it also has a great impact on society. This study investigate the negative effects of the destructive and unethical despotic leadership of hierarchical leaders that hinder follower's task performance and creativity in organization and also investigate the mediating effect of psychological ownership in this process. As a result of analyzing a questionnaire collected from a total of 211 dyds of subordinates and their direct leaders samples of army officials(officers and enlisted officers) the leader’s despotic leadership has a negative(-) effect to the psychological ownership of the members. It was found that the psychological ownership mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and task performance and creativity. The results of this study show that the leader's despotic leadership behavior is a destructive factor that hinders the psychological ownership of members in the organization and the psychological ownership plays an important mediating role in linking the leader's despotic leadership behavior that hinders follower’s task performance and creativity. This study broadened the scope of understanding about the negative effects of despotic leadership through the first empirical study in Korea on despotic leadership which has not been studied much in academia. The area of negative leadership research in a different perspective from the traditional leadership research in which the positive leadership of leaders is the mainstream was expanded. We examined how despotic leader behavior affects follower psychological ownership, and how their work performance and subordinate's creativity are affected. It provides practical implications for what negative leadership needs to be suppressed or eliminated in the workplace. It is proposing implications for how to develop leadership capabilities and what to educate and train for organizational managers seeking sustainability and prosperity. Finally, the limitations of this study and future research directions were discussed.
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