지시적 리더십과 결과변수 사이의 관계에 있어서 권력격차의 조절효과 - 한국과 중국 근로자의 비교 연구 -
The Moderating Effects of Power Distance on the Relationship between Directive Leadership and Individual Performance - The Comparison between Korean and Chinese Workers -
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초록
세계화의 흐름에 따라 중국에 진출하고 있는 한국 기업들이 많은 상황에서 현지 근로자들을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 적절한 이문화관리가 필요하고, 그 중에서도 한국 근로자들에게 적합한 리더십 유형이 중국 근로자들에게도 효과적일 것인가 하는 문제를 정확하게 이해하는 것이 중요한 과제가 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지시적 리더십이 개인 성과변수에 미치는 영향에 있어서 한국과 중국 사이에 차이가 크다고 예상되는 권력격차가 조절효과를 가지는지를 파악하는데 목적을 두고 실시되었다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해, 본 연구는 12개 기업의 한국 근로자 151명과 10개 기업의 중국 근로자 150명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, T-검정과 회귀분석을 통해 응답 자료를 분석하여 가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 근로자보다 한국 근로자에게서 권력격차가 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 지시적 리더십은 리더십 효과성, 직무만족, 조직몰입과 정(+)의 관계를 보여주었다. 셋째, 중국 근로자에 비해 상대적으로 권력격차가 더 큰 한국근로자 집단에 있어서 지시적 리더십과 조직몰입 사이의 정(+)의 관계가 더 크게 나타났다. 그리고 한계적 유의수준에서 중국 근로자보다 한국 근로자 집단에서 지시적 리더십과 리더십 효과성 사이의 관계가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 결론 부분에 이 연구의 이론적, 실무적 시사점과 한계점, 그리고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
With a rapid development of China, Korean companies, large and small, are increasingly entering Chinese market like many other multinational companies. Under this circumstance, it is extremely important to effectively carry out cross-cultural management, and to accurately understand whether effective leadership style for Korean workers will be equally effective for Chinese workers. With this question in mind, this study aims to investigate whether power distance which is believed to differ significantly between Korean and Chinese workers moderates the relationship between directive leadership and individual performance variables. In order to achieve above objective, this study conducted a questionnaire survey upon 151 Korean workers in 12 companies and 150 Chinese workers in 10 companies. The main results from T-test and hierarchical regression analyses are as follows:First of all, Korean workers have higher power distance as compared to Chinese workers. Second, directive leadership has a positive relationship with leader effectiveness, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Lastly, the relationship between directive leadership and organizational commitment is relatively greater for Korean workers than Chinese workers, the former group being higher in power distance.
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