4가지 팔로워십 특성 - 리더십과 직무몰입 관계에 미치는 효과 -
Four Characteristics of Followership - Its Effect on the Relationship Between Leadership and Job Commitment -
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팔로워십이 리더십과 조직성과 간에 미치는 영향에 대하여 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 리더십과 조직성과 간의 조절변수로 보는 관점과 매개변수로 보는 관점이 병존하면서 상충되는 주장이 대두되었다. 리더십과 조직성과 사이에 작용하는 변수에 대한 설명이 부족하였고, 특히 팔로워십의 영향을 파악하면서 그 변수의 효과를 구분한 것은 드물었다. 본 연구에서는 팔로워십이 리더십과 조직성과 사이에서 조절변수와 매개변수로 영향을 미치는지에 대한 관점을 정리하고, 리더십과 팔로워십 연구에서 부족했던 변수의 성격을 제시할 필요성을 강조하였다. 이를 위해 리더십과 직무몰입 간에 팔로워십이 미치는 효과를 파악하고 특히 팔로워십의 특성 가운데서 목표일치성과 비판적 사고, 능동적 참여와 팀 정신 등 하위 요소의 변수 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 공분산구조방정식모형을 이용하여 분석한 결과 리더십과 직무몰입 간에 팔로워십의 조절효과와 매개효과는 변혁적 리더십이든 거래적 리더십이든 모두 완전매개효과가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 그래서 리더십과 팔로십의 특성별로 분석한 결과 리더십과 직무몰입 간에 팔로워십의 개별 특성에 대한 조절/매개 효과분석에서 변혁적 리더십의 경우, 비판적 사고 특성에서만 통계적으로 유의한 조절효과를 확인하였고 나머지 다른 세 가지 특성에서는 매개 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 거래적 리더십의 경우에는 목표일치성 지각, 비판적 사고, 능동적 참여 특성 모두에서 유사조절효과를 확인하였으며, 팀 정신 특성에서만 매개효과를 확인하였다.
Abstract
Regarding the perspective of relationship between leader and follower, followership should be considered as mediating or moderating variable for the achievement of organizational performance like job commitment, organizational commitment or intentions to leave. The purpose of this study is to make arrangement of the followership as mediating and moderating variables and find out the characteristic of sub-elements of followership, such as goal identification, critical thinking, progressive participation and team spirit. Structural equation model analysis shows the mediating effect of followership between both transformational/transactional leadership and job commitment. Critical thinking of followership indicates similar moderating effect between both transformational/ transactional leadership and job commitment. Goal identification shows similar moderating effect between transformational/ transactional leadership and job commitment. Regarding transformational leadership, critical thinking is the only variable that indicates significant moderating effect and other three nature have mediating one. However, regarding transactional leadership, three characteristics of the followership (goal identification, critical thinking, progressive participation) show similar moderating effect whereas team sprit indicates mediating effect. As this study results show that critical thinking and team spirit of followers should be considered to increase organizational performance. It implies that good relationship between leader and follower is critical to enhance successful team sprit. In practice, great team sprit and critical thinking of followers play significant roles to make flexible organizational culture.
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