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윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동과 일탈행동에 미치는 영향 - 리더만족의 매개역할 및 정치적 기술의 조절효과 -

The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Deviant Behaviors - The Mediating Role of Leader Satisfaction and Moderating effect of Political Skill -

정원호|손승연|김왕선
한국인적자원관리학회 (Korean Academy Of Human Resource Management)|2015.03|인적자원관리연구 (Journal of Human Resource Management Research)|제22권 제1호|pp. 121-145|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14396/jhrmr.2015.22.1.121

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키워드

윤리적 리더십조직시민행동일탈행동deviant behaviororganizational citizenship behaviorethical leadership정치적 기술political skill리더만족leader satisfaction
주제분류경영학

초록

최근 사회적 이슈가 되는 다수의 사건들은 조직의 윤리성에 대한 관심을 더욱 증대시키고 있다. 더욱이 조직의 비윤리성은 이미지 실추와 함께 실질적인 성과를 떨어뜨리며, 때로는 돌이킬 수 없는 불행한 종말을 가져오기도 한다. 이러한 현실은 우리 사회 전반에 걸쳐 윤리에 대한 인식과 그 수준이 향상되어야 하는 이유가 된다. 그에 따라 그 어느 때보다도 윤리경영의 핵심인 윤리적 리더십의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이런 시점에서 본 연구는 윤리적 리더십이 조직의 효과성에 직결되는 구성원의 조직시민행동 및 일탈행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 그리고 이 관계에서 리더만족의 매개역할과 구성원의 정치적 기술의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 군 간부 150명과 직속상사 90명의 자료를 토대로 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 높아질수록 조직에 이로운 조직시민행동은 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 반대로 반생산적 업무행동인 일탈행동은 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Baron & Kenny(1986)의 매개효과 검증 방법 및 SPSS macro의 부트스트래핑 방식으로 윤리적 리더십의 간접효과를 확인한 결과, 윤리적 리더십은 리더만족을 통해 조직시민행동 및 일탈행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 구성원의 정치적 기술이 낮을수록 윤리적 리더십과 리더만족 간의 관계가 더 강하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 주로 서구에서 밝힌 구성원의 조직시민행동 및 일탈행동에 미치는 윤리적 리더십의 효과를 국내 표본을 대상으로 확인함으로써 선행연구 결과의 일반화를 확장하였다는 시사점이 있다. 특히 국내에서는 윤리적 리더십과 일탈행동 간의 관계에 대한 연구가 더욱 제한적이라는 점에서 실질적인 함의를 제공하고 있다. 또한 리더만족의 매개역할 검증을 통해 윤리적 리더십과 구성원의 조직시민행동 및 일탈행동 간의 관계에 대한 심층적인 이해를 높였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 선행연구에서 고려되지 못한 구성원의 정치적 기술이 윤리적 리더십에 대한 태도적 반응에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 밝힘으로써 윤리적 리더십 역학관계에 대한 이해의 증진은 물론, 실무적인 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 아울러 말미에 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논하였다.

Abstract

Recently, more and more researchers have been interested in the ethical practices of organizations because of the ethical dilemmas and scandals occurred in modern organizations. The unethical practices of organizations tarnish the image of the organizations and drop the performance, which consequently influence the fate of the organizations. Therefore, the scholarly interests on ethics in business practice have been growing over last decade and one of the widely studied topics is ethical leadership since it has been considered the core of ethical business management. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of ethical leadership in predicting the behaviors of organizational members. In particular, we examined how ethical behaviors of leaders are related to both positive and negative behaviors of followers. Furthermore, we investigated the mediating effects of subordinate's satisfaction with leader on the relationships between ethical leadership and behaviors of subordinates. Finally, we tried to verify the interaction effects of subordinate's political skill with ethical leadership on subordinate's organizational citizenship behaviors and deviant behaviors through their satisfaction with leader. The sample for this study comes from the Republic of Korea Army. The final sample consists of 90 leaders and 150 subordinates. The results of this study show that ethical leadership has not only positive effects on organizational citizenship behaviors but also negative effects on deviant behaviors. It indicates that leaders ethical behaviors foster positive voluntary behaviors of subordinates and restrict negative behaviors. In addition, satisfaction with leader mediates the relationships between ethical leadership and subordinate’s positive discretionary behaviors (i. e., organizational citizenship behaviors) and negative behaviors (i. e., deviant behaviors). This results indicates that the effects of ethical leadership on subordinates’ behaviors occurs through satisfaction with leaders. Subordinates satisfy with their leaders when they see ethical behaviors of their leaders and then they are more likely to show positive discretionary behaviors whilst reducing negative behaviors. Finally, the moderating effect of subordinate’s political skill was also verified, such that the amount of satisfaction variation was low when a subordinate is politically skilled. This indicates that a person with low political skill tend to be more sensitive to the behaviors of their subordinates due to the lack of internal resources than those with high political skill who can easily interact with external environments. The findings of this study provide several implications. First of all, as hypothesized, leaders ethical behaviors influence both positive and negative behaviors of their subordinates. These findings can be explained by social learning theory and social exchange theory. When subordinates experience ethical leadership they not only learn their leaders’ behaviors but also try to return their leaders favors. Second, the process of the effects of leaders behaviors occurs first through formulating subordinates’ attitude toward their leaders. While there have been requests to explore the influence process of ethical leadership there have been few studies which examined the process of ethical leadership. This study explained one way of influence process of ethical leadership. Finally, the effects of leaders’ ethical behaviors on followers’ attitude are dependent on the level of internal resources of followers. This result indicates that we should consider followers characteristics in order to more thoroughly understand the effects of ethical leadership.

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