Positioning through inference: The multi-functional role of -n na/ka po- in discourse
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This study investigates the discourse functions of -n na/ka po-, a Korean inferential marker, through the lenses of Positioning Theory and discourse analysis. Beyond traditional evidentiality, -n na/ka po- serves as a dynamic tool for epistemic positioning and managing interpersonal dynamics. Through discourse analysis, it is shown to (1) mark inference and epistemic uncertainty, emphasizing the marker’s role in gap-creation between direct knowledge and inferred understanding; (2) create cognitive and social distance, using gap-creation to facilitate a conceptual separation between speaker self-perception and external observation; (3) signal realizations indicating cognitive shifts, and (4) soften assertions to maintain politeness. These functions illustrate how -n na/ka po- shapes both the epistemic stance and interpersonal alignment, providing insights into the intersection of evidentiality, cognition, and social interaction.
Abstract
This study investigates the discourse functions of -n na/ka po-, a Korean inferential marker, through the lenses of Positioning Theory and discourse analysis. Beyond traditional evidentiality, -n na/ka po- serves as a dynamic tool for epistemic positioning and managing interpersonal dynamics. Through discourse analysis, it is shown to (1) mark inference and epistemic uncertainty, emphasizing the marker’s role in gap-creation between direct knowledge and inferred understanding; (2) create cognitive and social distance, using gap-creation to facilitate a conceptual separation between speaker self-perception and external observation; (3) signal realizations indicating cognitive shifts, and (4) soften assertions to maintain politeness. These functions illustrate how -n na/ka po- shapes both the epistemic stance and interpersonal alignment, providing insights into the intersection of evidentiality, cognition, and social interaction.