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The Experience of Japanese Americans in the Internment Camps during World War II and the Aftermath
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The primary purpose of this study is examining the experiences of Japanese Americans in the internment camps during World War II and the aftermath. In particular, it discusses about the historical background of Executive Order Number 9066 and the process of relocation for the Japanese Americans. It also explains the harshness of the official treatment and the profound indignation felt by the internees in the camp. Furthermore, it also examines the change of family relations and the gender politics among the Japanese Americans through the World War II. February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order Number 9066. It incarcerated more than 120,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps, where they were held for an unspecified time. This action was taken against Americans of Japanese ancestry those who had not committed any crimes or been accused of taking any action to warrant such adverse treatment. When the decision to evacuate was made in February, 1942, no one in the government had any clear idea of what was going to happen to the Japanese American people. Compounding the mounting hatred, fear and suspicion of the Japanese Americans on the West Coast were cynical manipulations of public opinion at many high levels of the government and the military. In 1942, hatred against the Japanese Americans was fueled by newspapers that usually discussed about the anti-Japanese feeling by American people. At the internment camps, evacuees were often denied privacy in even the most intimate aspects of their lives. There were several organized and articulate resistance occurred in the camps. These challenges were crucial in defining the history of the internment. They demonstrated the importance of a basic requirement of democracy. The protesters said that the camps, the mass exclusion, and detention of Japanese Americans tore the fabric of the democracy and that such tears needed repair. The political and social conditions of Japanese American family were radically transformed by the internment and post-war economic developments. Most of the changes served to weakened traditional structures of control in the family and community. The internment eroded the political economic basis of patriarchal authority. The issei father's alien status and inability to speak English disqualified him from acting as head of household in relation to the caucasian administrators and bureaucrats who controlled the internees' lives. The nisei became the mediators and official representatives of the family unit. All members of the conjugal family, women and men, parents and children alike, were fed and housed by the government and no longer had to rely on the family unit for their material wants. The post-war resettlement brought further changes. Geographic dispersion weakened the power of the ethnic community to reinforce traditional family values. The wartime evacuation is now history and has been judged one of the most shameful episodes of American history-indeed, one of its most egregious mistakes. The ultimate tragedy of the mistake was that the U.S. government betrayed not only the Japanese people but all Americans. It clearly deserves the condemning the actions of the government that led to the evacuation and the internment of the citizens of the Japanese descent. Ultimately, it damaged the essence of the democratic beliefs on which the country was founded.
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is examining the experiences of Japanese Americans in the internment camps during World War II and the aftermath. In particular, it discusses about the historical background of Executive Order Number 9066 and the process of relocation for the Japanese Americans. It also explains the harshness of the official treatment and the profound indignation felt by the internees in the camp. Furthermore, it also examines the change of family relations and the gender politics among the Japanese Americans through the World War II. February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order Number 9066. It incarcerated more than 120,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps, where they were held for an unspecified time. This action was taken against Americans of Japanese ancestry those who had not committed any crimes or been accused of taking any action to warrant such adverse treatment. When the decision to evacuate was made in February, 1942, no one in the government had any clear idea of what was going to happen to the Japanese American people. Compounding the mounting hatred, fear and suspicion of the Japanese Americans on the West Coast were cynical manipulations of public opinion at many high levels of the government and the military. In 1942, hatred against the Japanese Americans was fueled by newspapers that usually discussed about the anti-Japanese feeling by American people. At the internment camps, evacuees were often denied privacy in even the most intimate aspects of their lives. There were several organized and articulate resistance occurred in the camps. These challenges were crucial in defining the history of the internment. They demonstrated the importance of a basic requirement of democracy. The protesters said that the camps, the mass exclusion, and detention of Japanese Americans tore the fabric of the democracy and that such tears needed repair. The political and social conditions of Japanese American family were radically transformed by the internment and post-war economic developments. Most of the changes served to weakened traditional structures of control in the family and community. The internment eroded the political economic basis of patriarchal authority. The issei father's alien status and inability to speak English disqualified him from acting as head of household in relation to the caucasian administrators and bureaucrats who controlled the internees' lives. The nisei became the mediators and official representatives of the family unit. All members of the conjugal family, women and men, parents and children alike, were fed and housed by the government and no longer had to rely on the family unit for their material wants. The post-war resettlement brought further changes. Geographic dispersion weakened the power of the ethnic community to reinforce traditional family values. The wartime evacuation is now history and has been judged one of the most shameful episodes of American history-indeed, one of its most egregious mistakes. The ultimate tragedy of the mistake was that the U.S. government betrayed not only the Japanese people but all Americans. It clearly deserves the condemning the actions of the government that led to the evacuation and the internment of the citizens of the Japanese descent. Ultimately, it damaged the essence of the democratic beliefs on which the country was founded.
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