성 토마스의 『윤리학 주해』에 관한 연구

Abstract

St. Thomas’ Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics has become the object of controversy among the several scholars. According to the several scholars, St. Thomas’ Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics is his commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics in the light of theological believes. They state that St. Thomas’ goal of the commentary is not to understand the ethical system of Aristotle, but only to use for the means of developing his theological belief. And, In accordance with another group of scholars, in the Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics, primarily, St. Thomas faithfully tried to interpret Aristotle's text itself philosophically in Aristotle’s ideas. Nevertheless, they think that St. Thomas developmentally enlarges his opinion with the help of irregular reference to Aristotle and his philosophical principle at the other texts in his works. They admit that St. Thomas adds some contents to the several texts in his Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics. But, They assert that St. Thomas studied much deeplier in the clarity of the objects than Aristotle himself did. In this thesis, First, I will examine the first position, namely Jaffa, Gauthier and the other scholar’s assertion on Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics as the theological commentary. And then, as counterargument against this, I will search for the Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics as the philosophical commentary. As the concrete objection, first, as the faithful commentary in philosophy, I will suggest the special divine providence, the final goal and function of the human, the order of the education, the scope of the moral philosophy, the order of being and of cognition, etc. Second, As the developmental commentary in philosophy, I will suggest the contemplation as the only one goal and magnanimity. Then, I will insist that the several scholars interpret St. Thomas’ Commentary on Aristotle’ Nicomachean Ethics into theological work is to despise his contribution to the philosophical work of St. Thomas who lived in the thirteen century. St. Thomas didn’t comment on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics as a only one theologian. He contributed very greatly to the contemporary controversy of philosophy and he stimulated them. In conclusion, I will insist that St. Thomas basically made notes on Aristotle’s texts in the philosophical faithfulness, and clarified Aristotle’s underlying structures and offered more systematic and coherent presentation. In other words, I will assert that he transforms Aristotle’s loosely knit summary of prudential knowledge about man’s moral behavior into a coherent moral philosophy. Then, I will conclude that Aristotle's doctrine is developed from within this doctrine itself, with the help of Aristotle’s own principles and categories of thought.