아리스토텔레스의 친애 교설에 대한 토마스 아퀴나스의애덕으로의 변용에 관한 연구

Abstract

Thomas Aquinas was a representative philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages. He left behind the Summa Theologiae and 12 volumes of commentary on Aristotle. Through his works, he was a scholar who interpreted Aristotle's ideas, which were rediscovered at the time, more leniently than any other philosopher of the time, and tried very actively to incorporate them into his works. In his works, he tried to harmonize the Platonic-Christian tradition represented by Augustine's thought and the Aristotelian thought rediscovered at the time, or to synthesize the two. However, the researcher raises a question here. Was Thomas Aquinas' attempt to synthesize or harmonize the two successful? Or did he distort Aristotle's doctrine in the process of accepting it, and did his attempt actually fail? In this paper, the researcher examines the process by which Thomas Aquinas accepted Aristotle's doctrine of philia into his doctrine of caritas. Therefore, the researcher raises the following questions in this paper. Can we say that Thomas Aquinas's acceptance of Aristotle's doctrine of love is a successful integration? Or did Thomas Aquinas, whether he intended it or not, actually fail in his attempt by excluding some essential aspects of Aristotle's doctrine for the sake of his comprehensive exposition? In this paper, the researcher will answer these questions by comparing the two doctrines related to friendship. And the researcher focuses on examining some of their basic characteristics. First, the researcher outlines some central aspects of Aristotle's concept of philia in the Nicomachean Ethics, which Thomas Aquinas generally adopted in the Commentaries on the Ethics and elsewhere. Next, the researcher examines some differences between Aristotle's philia and Thomas Aquinas's amicitia. To this end, first, the researcher discusses the different concepts of the two doctrines regarding love toward oneself as the foundation of love toward others. Second, the researcher closely examines Thomas Aquinas's idea that caritas as love of God(dilectio Dei) can be understood as amicitio with God. Third, the researcher discusses the concept of charitable love, which is love for our neighbors that is based on God's love and can be extended to all mankind. In conclusion, Thomas Aquinas's commentary on Aristotle's friendship (philia) emphasizes the basic maxim of his philosophy and theology, namely, “Grace presupposes, completes, elevates, and transcends nature (gratia praesuppoint naturam, perpicit, elevat et trascendit eam).” It is clear that it was an exegesis that fully complied with the basic maxim of the doctrine. Therefore, we accept the claim that Thomas Aquinas distorted Aristotle's doctrine of friendship(philia) in the process of accepting it, and that his attempt in fact failed by excluding some essential aspects of Aristotle's doctrine for his comprehensive explanation, whether intentionally or unintentionally. It's difficult. Therefore, when considering the basic intention and results of Thomas Aquinas's exegetical work, this researcher concludes that Thomas Aquinas' attempt to transform Aristotle's incomplete doctrine of love into charity as his complete friendship through his various exegetical works was sufficiently successful.