名實論을 통해 본 中國 古代의 思維構造 -儒家, 道家, 法家의 상호 비교를 중심으로-

Abstract

This treatise sums up the distinction of the structure of East-West thinking with a focus on the Theory of Name and Reality of ancient China. Even though East-West philosophy lays weight on the study of humans in common, it holds mutual differences. First, the western philosophy puts much value on each individual or their ego, and emphasizes the individual's rights and interests, as well as liberty. Meanwhile, Confucianism in the traditional philosophy of China, in particular, attaches importance to the relationship between an individual and other individuals. We can confirm this point through discussions of Confucianism and Realist. Second, East-West philosophy all places a high value upon relationship between human and nature. However, each has its own distinction. Western philosophy emphasizes the exploits and conquest of nature by humans, and makes light of restraints or reactions by nature toward human beings. Moreover, in the western Empiricism and Scientism, the confrontation between humans and nature are stressed, and alteration of nature is also emphasized. The thing they stress is not confrontation between humans and nature, but unification between humans and nature, and Taoist gives weight to human dependence on nature, and promotes reconciliation between the two parties. We can confirm this through the discussion of Taoist. Then, what has caused the fundamental differences in the structure of thinking between the East and West? Mostly, it has been explained that this was arisen from the differences historically between economic system and geographical environment. However, as more fundamental reason, on occasion, linguistic distinction and the difference in viewpoint on language are added. According to this point of view, in the eyes of the western people, language is omnipotent like God, so they deem that there are nothing in this world they can't express in terms of language and mathematics. In fact, this may be considered as a reason for causing differences in logical formal system as well as the differences in the method of thinking.