식물 종자지방 합성대사 연구의 최근 동향
Current research on seed oil biosynthesis
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Seed oils (triacylglycerols) of plants are used as asource of essential fatty acids and nutrition for human. Inaddition, triacylglycerols have been used as industrial rawmaterials and biofuels. Triacylglycerols are mainly accumulatedin seeds by complicated biochemical pathways. Fatty acidsare synthesized in the plastids and transported into theendoplasmic reticulum for synthesizing triacylglycerols. Itis known for a long time that biosynthesis of triacylglycerolsis performed by a de novo synthesis, the Kennedy pathway. However recent studies have revealed that phosphatidylcholine,a major component of cell membrane, plays a central role fortriacylglycerols biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is a keyregulator determining the relative proportions of unsaturatedfatty acids in seeds. It may be a major carrier for the fluxes offatty acids from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding further suggests that studies of the functions ofenzymes involved in the fluxes of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholineto triacylglycerols elucidate the specializedsubdomains in the endoplasmic reticulum for triacylglycerolsbiosynthesis.
Abstract
Seed oils (triacylglycerols) of plants are used as asource of essential fatty acids and nutrition for human. Inaddition, triacylglycerols have been used as industrial rawmaterials and biofuels. Triacylglycerols are mainly accumulatedin seeds by complicated biochemical pathways. Fatty acidsare synthesized in the plastids and transported into theendoplasmic reticulum for synthesizing triacylglycerols. Itis known for a long time that biosynthesis of triacylglycerolsis performed by a de novo synthesis, the Kennedy pathway. However recent studies have revealed that phosphatidylcholine,a major component of cell membrane, plays a central role fortriacylglycerols biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is a keyregulator determining the relative proportions of unsaturatedfatty acids in seeds. It may be a major carrier for the fluxes offatty acids from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding further suggests that studies of the functions ofenzymes involved in the fluxes of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholineto triacylglycerols elucidate the specializedsubdomains in the endoplasmic reticulum for triacylglycerolsbiosynthesis.
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