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식물 대사공학에 의한 산업용 지방산 생산연구 현황

Metabolic engineering for production of industrial oils in transgenic plants

김현욱|이경렬
한국식물생명공학회 (Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology)|2009.06|Journal of Plant Biotechnology|제36권 제2호|pp. 97-105

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참고문헌

주제분류농학

초록

식물 종자의 저장지질은 종자의 발아에 필수적인 에너지를 공 급하는 역할을 하는데 오랫동안 인류와 동물의 영양 공급원이 되 었다. 식물유의 지방산은 탄소의 길이와 탄소 사이의 이중결합의 위치, 개수에 따라 각각의 산업적 특성을 나타내어 윤활유, 화장품, 비누, 페인트, 플라스틱 등의 원료 또는 바이오디젤 같은 에너지원 으로도 사용되고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 유지작물이 갖고 있는 지 방산은 5가지로 국한되어 있어 산업용으로 쓰이기에는 한계가 있 다. 따라서 다양한 식물자원으로부터 산업적으로 유용한 특이 지 방산의 탐색과 생명공학을 이용한 지방산 합성과 지질 대사조절을 위한 연구가 진행되어왔다. 이 리뷰에서는 산업적으로 유용한 특 이지방산의 종류와 그것을 합성하는 유전자에 대해 알아보고 또한 유지작물에 그 유전자를 도입하여 특이지방산을 생산하는 형질전 환 작물의 예와 그 한계에 대해서 짚어보고자 한다. 특히 피마자의 특이지방산인 리시놀레산은 산업적으로 매우 유용한 지방산으로 유지작물인 유채에서 리시놀레산 생산연구가 본 실험실에서 진행 중이다.

Abstract

Seed storage lipids of plants, essential for seed germination as energy supplier, have been used for humankind and animal as nutrition sources. Fatty acids of vegetable oils have the characters appropriate for industry based on their chain length, the position and the number of double bonds. So they are used as raw materials for lubricants, cosmetics, soaps, paints and plastics or as energy source such as bio-diesel. However, there is a limit that applies vegetable oils from typical oil crops for industrial uses, mainly because of the mixture of five common fatty acids. Therefore, identification of unusual fatty acids for industrial uses from diverse plant resources and metabolic engineering to produce unusual fatty acids have been carried out in Arabidopsis as a model for the study of oilseed biology. Here, we discuss the unusual fatty acids for industrial uses, the genes synthesizing them in lipid metabolism, and the current limits in production of transgenic plants accumulating unusual fatty acid in their seeds. In addition, we describe our work on metabolic engineering of Brassica napus for the production of the unusual fatty acid ricinoleic acid in the seed, because of its industrial uses.

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