정조의 ‘심성론’과 ‘수양론의 전개’

Abstract

This study is on Jôngjo's theory of mind and self-cultivation. In Confucianism, the status of mind and self-cultivation is high. Therefore, studying Jôngjo's mind and study is an important basis for understanding the philosophy and academic attitude of the Confucian scholar Jôngjo. During the reign of King Jôngjo, arguments such as "Inmulsônglon(人物性論)" and "sôngbômsimlon(聖凡心論)" were fierce. In this paper, we have outlined Jôngjo's mind theory, centering on the concept of Bonyônjisông(本然之性), Myôngdoek(明德) and Bonsim(本心), which were the main topics of the arguments. And through the Mibal(未發) concept, we looked at how Jôngjo's self-cultivation theory developed. First, Jôngjo's theory of nature supported the theory that the five moral principles[仁義禮智信] universally shared in all things are Bonyônjisông(本然之性). His argument for the natural equality of moral nature was close to Rakhak(洛學). Second, Jôngjo understood Myôngdoek(明德) as Bonsim(本心). In theory, Jôngjo thought that everyone had the same completely good Bonsim(本心), but in reality, each person displayed a different Bonsim(本心). His theory of Bonsim(本心) compromised the theory of Rakhak(洛學) and Hohak(湖學). Third, in the extension of the realistic theory of Bonsim(本心), Jôngjo thought that a person's state of Mibal(未發) Bonsim(本心) depends on his natural qualities. His theory of Mibal(未發) was close to Hohak(湖學). King Jôngjo's theory of mind and Mibal(未發), which synthesized the theories of Hohak(湖學) and Rakhak(洛學), formed a unique momentum of his theory of self-cultivation.