니체의 유대민족 비판에 관한 성격 연구

Abstract

Nietzsche as a critic of Judeo-Christian values, declared ‘Gott ist töt’ in the fin-de-siècle. His statement implied a massive fall of the predominant and central values in the history of Western thought. In other words, its implication has greatly diverged into two aspects: values beyond the sensible are not able to be considered as important as the previous times, and the enormous power of God does not have considerable impact on human life anymore. Nietzsche’s criticism of Judeo-Christian values dealt with two sections: the morality of Christianity on the basis of original sin in the Book of Genesis (the Old Testament) and the concept of the abstract God which abominates natural things in the actual world. In this regard, we can make a conjecture on his inclination towards anti-Judaism. Nietzsche, however, did not agreed to the tremendous enthusiasm of nationalism originated from ‘anti-Semitism’ since it was mainly focused not on monotheistic features of the Abrahamic religions but on rampant racism grounded on pseudo-scientific assumptions such as eugenics, phrenology and anthropological conjectures in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Nietzsche could not be determined to be anti-Semitic because he strongly criticized the concept and cultural heritage of a monotheistic God originating from the Jewish nation, rather than Semitic people themselves. According to the view of Assmann’s ‘mnemohistory’, ‘normative inversion’ of the Semite means a thorough rejection against the cosmotheistic worldview of the Egyptian. Nietzsches’s criticism clearly targeted at not the Jewish people but their religio-philosophical beliefs and values resulting from what they rejected. Consequently, I think he does not approve of anti-Semitism since he has no racial bias on the Jewish people themselves. In a central line of the argumentation in Nietzsche’s work Anti-Christ, Beyond Good and Evil, and Also spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche must be not an anti-Semite, but a fierce critic opposed to the values of Judaeo-Christianity in the religio-cultural milieu.