FTA의 확산과 동아시아 지역주의의 중층화
The Diffusion of FTAs and Stratified Regionalism in East Asia
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동아시아 지역주의에 관한 많은 연구들은 그 주요 특성 가운데 하나로 유럽 지역의 유럽연합(EU)은 물론이고, 북 아메리카의 북미자유지역협정(NAFTA)에 비해서도 동아시아 지역주의가 현저히 낮은 수준의 제도화에 머물고 있음을 지적해왔다. 본 연구는 동아시아 지역주의의 특징과 변화의 원인을 ‘중층적 지역주의’의 형성에서 찾는다. 중층적 지역주의는 하나의 지역 기구를 중심으로 확대와 심화의 과정을 거치면서 성장하는 지역주의가 아니라, 기존의 지역 기구가 존재하는 가운데 지역주의를 제도화하기 위한 새로운 시도가 중첩적으로 이루어지는 것을 말한다. 일반적으로 지역주의의 지리적 범위가 확대ㆍ축소되는 것은 기본적으로 수평적 또는 평면적 차원의 동학이다. 그러나 동아시아 지역주의는 기존 제도가 완전히 소멸되지 않고 일정한 기능을 유지하는 가운데, 새로운 시도가 이루어진다는 점에서 중층적이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 2000년대 이후 동아시아 국가들이 역내는 물론 역외 국가들과 이질적인 FTA를 기존의 지역주의 구상과 체계적인 연계성을 결여한 상태에서 중복적으로 추진하면서, 동아시아 지역주의의 중층성은 한층 강화되었다.
Abstract
The majority of studies has pointed out that East Asian regionalism is under-institutionalized, compared to other regions such as Europe and North America. This study argues that the formation of ‘stratified regionalism’ aptly explains this main feature of East Asian regionalism. Stratified regionalism emerged as East Asian countries in the face of changes in external environments have made overlapping and somewhat contradictory attempts to institutionalize regionalism, rather than utilizing existing institutional arrangements as a building block to deepening regionalism in the region. I argue that this stratified nature of East Asian regionalism has further strengthened in the 2000s as East Asian countries actively pursue heterogeneous FTAs that are not systematically linked with each other.
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