PSSA의 국제법적 문제점과 이행방향 연구
A Study on the Controversial Issues regarding Particularly Sensitive Sea Area and its Implementation
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초록
특별민감해역(Particularly Sensitive Sea Area, 이하 PSSA라 한다.)은 1978년 유조선의 안전과 오염방지에 관한 국제회의(International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention, 이하 TSPP회의라 한다.)에 처음으로 결의서가 채택된 이후 35년 동안 해양환경 보호를 위한 독특한 개념으로 발전하여 왔다. 지난 1990년 Great Barrier Reef가 PSSA로 지정된 이후 현재까지 14개의 해역이 지정되어 보호조치가 이행되고 있다. PSSA지정은 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, 이하 IMO라 한다.) 총회에서 채택된 결의서에 의해서 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 연성법적 근거로 인해 PSSA의 법적 지위에 많은 의문이 제기되어 왔으며, PSSA해역을 항해하는 외국적 선박에 적용되는 보호조치의 강제성과 그 적용 범위는 논쟁의 대상이 되어 왔다. 또한 연안국의 지나친 관할권 확대로 인해 UN해양법협약(UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 이하 UN해양법협약이라 한다.)에 보장된 무해통항권을 침해하는 사례가 발생하기도 하였다. PSSA의 법적 지위의 확립과 타 국제법과의 조화로운 이행방향을 모색하기 위한 목적으로 이 논문에서는 먼저 PSSA 발전과정과 개념을 고찰하여 보고 PSSA와 관련한 국제법적 주요 쟁점분석을 통해 문제점과 한계를 도출하고자 한다. 그리고 결론에서는 UN해양법협약에 합치하는 PSSA의 이행방향을 제안하고자 한다.
Abstract
PSSA(Particularly Sensitive Sea Area) has been developed as the unique concept to protect marine environment since it was introduced during TSPP(International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention) in 1978. Great Barrier Reef was designated as the first PSSA in 1990. Presently, fourteen PSSAs exist all over the world. PSSA is designated by IMO(International Maritime Organization) Assembly Resolution. Because PSSA is based on the soft law, the legal status of it has been doubtable. Also, the forcibility and application of associated protective measures to foreign flag ships which navigate in PSSA have been disputable. Furthermore, the results that coastal states extended their jurisdiction unilaterally conflicted with innocent passage of foreign flag ships established by UNCLOS(UN Convention on the Law of the Sea). In order to establish the concrete legal status of PSSA and suggest harmonized implementation with international environment laws, this paper considers not only the concept and development of PSSA, but also the fundamental issues and limits through the analysis of controversial cases. Consequently, it proposes the feasible implementation and solution comply with UNCLOS
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