공해상 해양보호구역 지정관련 한계와 타당성에 관한 법적 고찰
A Legal Study on the limitation and feasibility related with marine protected area designation on the High Seas
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초록
해양보호구역은 공해상에서 생물다양성의 보전 및 지속가능한 이용을 할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있는 도구역할을 할 수 있다. 그러나 공해상 해양보호구역은 국제법적 및 관리 등에 대하여 논란이 되고 있다. 따라서 공해에 대한 자유이용과 공해 해양보호구역 지정이 정말로 필요한지, 즉 기본적으로 국제적 및 지역적 기구는 공해상 해양보호구역 지정관련 문제점에 대해서 일부 조치를 행하고 있으며 또한 해양보호구역을 지정한다하더라도 그 효과가 부정확하기에 해양보호구역에 관한 법제도 제정 및 관리 측면 등에 대해서도 고려가 충분히 되어져야 한다. 공해상 해양보호구역은 유엔해양법협약 제87조의 공해자유의 원칙과 대립되는 문제가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 공해상 해양보호구역 지정에 대한 필요성은 계속 증가 추세이고, 해양환경 보존과 보호에 대한 관심은 계속 증가하고 있다. 따라서 기존 국제적 및 지역적 제도만으로는 그 한계가 있기에 일부 수정 및 보완 또는 통합적인 방안을 찾아야만 한다. 이와 관련하여 생물다양성협약 및 지역해양협약에서 공해상 해양보호구역 지정에 관하여 일부 규정을 하고 있다.
Abstract
Marine protected areas are a tool to help enable for the preservation and sustainable use of biological diversity on the high sea. But HSMPA is controversial about international law, management and so on. so sufficient consideration should be given to the point as to whether high seas freedom and the designation of high seas marine protected areas(HSMPA) are truly necessary, that is to say, international and regional organizations are taking some actions for the designation of HSMPA and also consideration should be given to the aspects of the enactment of legal system concerning MPA and its management as the effect of designation is inaccurate even though the designation of MPA is done. Also HSMPA have a problem in conflict with high seas freedom of UNCLOS(article 87). Nevertheless, the need for the designation of HSMPA keeps on increasing and the interest on the conservation and protection of marine environment keeps on increasing. So partial modification and supplementation or integrated method should be sought as the existing international and regional system have the limit. In this regard, Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) and Regional Sea Convention(RSC)are regulated individually on the designation of HSMPA.
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