文學現場重建:六朝志怪小說「資料來源」析論
Reconstructing Literary Scenes: An Analysis of Source Materials of Six Dynasties Fiction
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本文旨在針對六朝志怪小說之「資料來源」進行探討,此乃研究該項文類的一個重要議 題。過去之研究者重在稽考資料出處,然前後文本在轉錄過程中所產生的諸多同異,以及志怪 小說作者何以如是處理之箇中緣由,應當是在深入理解志怪小說形成時所必須嚴肅面對的命 題。本文承前人之說,將六朝志怪小說之「資料來源」分成「書承」、「口承」二類,在「文學現場 重建」的概念下加以審視,試圖還原志怪小說作者面對材料時的真實情況,以及其如何將承自 於前代典籍(書承)與採錄自民間(口承)之資料,在符合志怪編纂目的及外在條件限制之 下,進行編錄工作,使之成為後世所見之志怪小說。本文之另一研究論題,則是對汪紹楹昔日 所擬之<進《搜神記》表>的看法提出辨正,該表或許並非是眾所熟知之與《搜神記》相關,而是對 於干寶另一部性質相近作品《晉紀》的一種錯認。
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the source materials of Six Dynasties fiction. Source material study has been one of the major and traditional approaches in the study of Chinese fiction. A usual way of conducting source material study in the past has been to look into the sources of the material and then trace the changes and explain the reason why and how the later authors made the change. The article here divides the source materials of the Six Dynasties fiction into two kinds: written and oral sources, and tries to look into them based on the concept of “reconstructing the literary scenes.” The idea of “reconstructing” is to see how the author responds to different kinds of source materials and how he fits them into his own understanding of compiling and writing supernatural fiction. Another issue addressed in this article is to question the validity of the thesis proposed by Wang Shaoying concerning a certain piece of writing, “Presenting the tables of Shoushen ji.” This writing, according to the present author, is related to Gan Bao’s History of Jin, not his Shoushen ji.
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