Rise of Local Parties and Its Locally-Embedded Limitations: Case of Japan Restoration Party in Tokyo and Osaka
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Recent rise of local parties in Japan have posed serious challenges to existing parties. This paper analyzes the ORA/JRP's electoral results in Tokyo and Osaka, in elucidating how local parties develop to challenge the existing parties. Findings are as follows. First, the rise of ORA owed largely to Hashimoto Toru's leadership and detachment from the existing political interests, yet the lack of political resources on the national level exposed the difficulty of advancing to national politics. Second, the ORA/JRP's attempt to expand the support bases to other regions (particularly Tokyo) ended in failure, because of the locally-embedded nature of ORA's policy impact. Third, the JRP candidates in Osaka who defected from the LDP prior to the 2012 general election were motivated not by mere goal of reelection but also by the incentives to reflect the interests of local politicians as well as supporters. Lastly, the comparative analyses of defector candidates in Osaka and Tokyo illustrate that it was the candidates' personal support base, rather than the party labels, that mattered in the successful electoral campaigns. Overall, the development of the ORA/JRP exposes the limitation that derives from the very aspect that allowed the dramatic advancement in the first place―its local embeddedness.
Abstract
Recent rise of local parties in Japan have posed serious challenges to existing parties. This paper analyzes the ORA/JRP's electoral results in Tokyo and Osaka, in elucidating how local parties develop to challenge the existing parties. Findings are as follows. First, the rise of ORA owed largely to Hashimoto Toru's leadership and detachment from the existing political interests, yet the lack of political resources on the national level exposed the difficulty of advancing to national politics. Second, the ORA/JRP's attempt to expand the support bases to other regions (particularly Tokyo) ended in failure, because of the locally-embedded nature of ORA's policy impact. Third, the JRP candidates in Osaka who defected from the LDP prior to the 2012 general election were motivated not by mere goal of reelection but also by the incentives to reflect the interests of local politicians as well as supporters. Lastly, the comparative analyses of defector candidates in Osaka and Tokyo illustrate that it was the candidates' personal support base, rather than the party labels, that mattered in the successful electoral campaigns. Overall, the development of the ORA/JRP exposes the limitation that derives from the very aspect that allowed the dramatic advancement in the first place―its local embeddedness.
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