수송부문의 전력화 현상이 전력산업에 미치는 영향 분석
An Analysis of the Impact of the Electrification of the Transport Sector on the Korean Power Industry
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본 연구에서는 전기자동차 보급·확산이 국내 전력산업에 미치는 영향을 제 8차 전력수급 기본계획을 기준으로 분석하였다. 정부의 보급목표대로 전기자동차의 보급이 이루어질 경우 2030년 기준 전기자동차 충전전력이 최대부하에 미치는 영향은 약 500 MW 으로 전체 최대부하의 약 0.5% 수준인 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 향후 전력생산에 필요한 발전원별 비중을 고려하면 전기자동차의 환경피해비용은 약 5.8원/km 수준(2020∼2030년 평균)으로 내연기관 차량에 비해 연간 환경피해비용을 각각 36.6원/km(휘발유), 60.1원/km(경유) 감소시킬 것으로 전망되었다. 따라서 수송부문의 전력화 정책은 전력산업에 미치는 영향은 제한적이면서 대기환경개선을 통한 사회적 편익을 증진시키는 정책임을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the dissemination of electric vehicles (EVs) in Korea on the Korean power industry, based on “The 8th Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand. In accordance with the Korean government’s target of EV distribution, the electricity charging of EVs can add approximately 500 MW to the maximum load in 2030, which accounts for 0.5% of the total maximum load in the same year. The environmental damage cost of EVs is estimated to be approximately 5.8 KRW/km in the future (average from 2020 to 2030) constitution of power generation sources. The level of environmental damage cost of one EV unit is lower than that of internal combustion engines (gasoline and diesel); hence, each of the internal combustion engines corresponds to an increased environmental damage cost of 36.6 KRW/km and 60.1 KRW/km in comparison with one EV unit. In this respect, it can be concluded that the policies regarding the electrification of the transport sector in Korea have limited influences on the Korean power industry; however, a series of policies are comparatively effective in promoting social benefits through air quality improvement.
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