총소유비용 분석을 통한 전기차의 경제성 분석
A Study on the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles Compared to Conventional Vehicles
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초록
기후변화 대응을 위해 세계 주요국은 탄소중립을 선언하고 있으며 우리나라도 2050년까지 탄소중립 달성을 위한 시나리오를 제시한 바 있다. 한편 이러한 탄소중립 달성을 위해서는 친환경차의 비중을 최소 85% 이상으로 증가시켜야 하는 것으로 전망된다. 하지만 국내 전기차 보급 실적은 기대에 못 미치는 것으로 나타나 탄소중립 달성에 큰 어려움을 겪을 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 총소유비용 방법론을 이용해 전기차의 경제성을 분석함으로써 전기차 보급 확대를 위해 필요한 정책수단이 무엇인지 파악하는 것을 주요 목적으로 한다. 특히 기존의 연구가 다루지 않았던 전기차 충전 인프라 부족 문제와 충전 시간문제를 비용 요소로 반영함으로써, 이러한 요소들이 전기차의 경쟁력에 미치는 영향을 분석함과 동시에 이를 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 총소유비용 분석 결과 현시점에도 전기차는 내연기관차 대비 충분한 경쟁력을 가진 것으로 나타났지만, 이는 전기차 구매 과정에서 제공되는 구매보조금의 영향이 크기 때문이다. 전기차 구매보조금은 지속 가능한 정책 수단이 아니라는 사실을 고려한다면, 전기차의 충전 인프라를 확대하고 충전 시간을 줄이는 방안에 대해 고민할 필요가 있는 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Major countries around the world are declaring carbon neutrality to cope with climate change, and Korea has also proposed a scenario to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and it is expected that the proportion of eco-friendly cars should be increased to at least 85%. However, the domestic electric vehicle supply performance is not up to expectations, which is expected to make it difficult to achieve carbon neutrality. The main purpose of this study is to understand what policy means are needed to expand the supply of electric vehicles by analyzing the economic feasibility of electric vehicles using the total cost of ownership methodology. In particular, by reflecting the shortage of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and charging time problems that were not covered by previous studies, the impact of these factors on electric vehicle competitiveness is analyzed and suggested. According to the analysis of total cost of ownership, electric vehicles are more competitive than internal combustion engines vehicles at present, but this is largely due to the purchase subsidies. Considering the fact that subsidies for purchasing electric vehicles are not a sustainable policy tool, it seems necessary to think about ways to expand the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles and reduce charging time.
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