쿠빌라이시대 고려·원 도자수용의 변화

Abstract

Since the late 13th century, the period of Yuan Sejo, the Khubilai era (A.D. 1260-1294) is a start of new momentum in the East Asian history and also the history of ceramics. Jin (金) dominated the northern China, and the cultural exchange of Goryeo was activated with the passage through the Southern Sung dynasty. However, after the Khubilai era, due to the transportation development of China, the traditional northern route from Gaegyeong to Liaodong was activated, so that the culture of Yuan would spread through the northern route to the various regions directly. Furthermore, Goryeo surrendered voluntarily to Yuan when Khubilai had contended for the throne, and it gave the cause of the throne to Khubilai. As a result, Khubilai’s ruling that provided an opportunity of transition in the relationship as hostile to peace. Actually, in all History of Goryeo, documents of ceramics exchange as gifts between countries are concentrated in the Khubilai era. Also It tells that the late Goryeo celadon has become unearthed in northern China, such as Hebei, Shanxi, inner Mongolia is associated with the conversion of the era. Though the changes of the style and technology of ceramics did not appear directly, in late 13th century, Khubilai era, it was increasing exchange of ceramics and the new recognition between Goryeo and Mongolia. A vast network of the Yuan was promoting the influx of the Goryeo ceramics in China by land and sea. From the late 13th century to the early 14th century, It increased that the highest quality of Chinese ceramics excavated with the Goryeo ceramics in northern and southern part of China. And It could find many records about kilns of Goryeo since Yuan dynasty, description of assumed inlaid ceramic is repeated. In the cases of relics unearthed in China, most of Goryeo ceramics found in China is inlaid celadon, and also there are a lot of inlaid celadon in relics of the Sinan ship. It infers that there was a certain selection criteria for accepting the Goryeo celadon in China. In addition to inlaid celadon, saped celadon was found in the Jininglu ancient city site and the Sinan ship. It also is different from the domestic consumption trend in comparison with the percentage of production and decorative techniques over relics excavated from kilns of Goryeo. In other hand, Longquan celadons such as the Sinan ocean-bottom relics are hardly found in the Goryeo ruins. It means that accepting ceramics between Goyreo and Yuan was optional which was different from between Goryeo and Japan, or Yuan and Japan. In Gaegyeong or large temples, the Yuan ceramics were found with Goryeo celadon which tend to focus on white porcelain that is associated with the celadon-centric manufacturing condition of the Goryeo dynasty. With Khubilai’s ruling, some upper classes of Yuan had increased a commercial interest in accepting Goryeo celadon, and high tariffs imposed on a trade in the Goryeo celadon in southern region of Zhejiang. Also Goryeo would have a new attempt to Yuan’s taste, such as gold-painted celadon that manufactured by applying paints on glazes.