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자폐 범주성 장애 학생을 지도하는 교사 대상 교사교육 연구 동향 및 분석

Trends and Analysis on Teacher Education Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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초록

자폐 범주성 장애 학생이 증가함에 따라, 교육 현장에서도 이들에게 적절한 지원을 제공해야할 필요가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 이들의 가장 가까이에서 교수적 지원을 제공하는 교사의 자질은 자폐 범주성 장애 학생의 성과에 결정적 영향을 미치므로 지속적인 교사 재교육을 통한 역량 강화가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자폐 범주성 장애 학생을 가르치는 교사에게 교사교육을 실시하고 효과를 살펴본 14편의 실험연구를 중심으로, 교사교육 연구의 전반적 동향, 교사교육의 특성, 연구의 질적 수준을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 자폐 범주성 장애 학생을 지도하는 교사 대상 교사교육은 유·초등 특수교사를 중심으로 실시되고 있었으며, 개별 교수 전략에 대한 내용으로 주로 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 교사교육은 개별, 오프라인 형태로 이루어지는 경우가 많았으며, 다수의 연구에서 추후지도도 함께 이루어지고 있었다. 하지만 교사교육에서 자폐 범주성 장애 학생의 독특한 특성에 대한 내용을 직접적으로 포함하고 있는 연구는 3편에 불과했으며, 교사교육 후 학생의 성과를 함께 측정한 연구 역시 3편밖에 없었다. 분석 결과에 기반하여, 자폐 범주성 장애 학생을 가르치는 교사 대상 교사교육의 발전을 위한 시사점과 향후 연구가 나아갈 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The qualification and quality of teachers who teach students with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) is critical for outcomes of students with ASD. So empowerment of teachers through continuous teacher education is significant. The current study systematically reviewed 14 experimental studies examining the effects of teacher education for teachers who provide educational support to students with ASD, analyzed the characteristics of a teacher education intervention for teachers who teach students with ASD, and quality of studies. The results indicated that teacher education for teachers who teach students with ASD was mainly carried on special education teachers in preschool and elementary schools and mainly focused on the Focused Intervention(FI). Teacher education was usually conducted individually and offline, and post-training was also offered in many studies. However, only three studies directly included the contents about characteristics of students with ASD, and only three studies also measured the outcome of students after teacher education. As a result of analyzing the quality of studies, the level of implementation fidelity and intervention agent was low. Based on the analysis result, implications of our findings and recommendations for future research for the development of teacher education for teachers who teach students with ASD were discussed.

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