중등 교사양성과정 중 <교과교재연구 및 지도법>이 예비교사들의 교수효능감과 교과교육학지식에 미치는 영향
Effects of the Methods Course of Curriculum Materials Analysis and Instruction on Pre-Service Teachers’ Teaching Efficacy and Pedagogical Content Knowledge in a Secondary Teacher Education Program
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 중등예비교사들이 교직필수과목인 <교과교재연구 및 지도법>을 마친 후 교수효능감과 교과교육학지식의 변화를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 교수효능감과 교과교육학지식의 도구로 <교과교재연구 및 지도법>에 수강한 예비교사 26명에게 과목 전ㆍ후 검사를 실시하였고, 이를 대응표본 t 검정으로 분석하였다. 또한 예비교사 26명 중 8명을 대상으로 면접을 실시하였고 면접 자료를 귀납적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 대응표본 t 검정의 결과 예비교사들의 교수효능감, 표현지식, 내용지식, 평가지식, 교육과정지식의 평균의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하였으나, 교수법지식과 학생지식의 평균의 차이는 유의미하지 않았다. 면접 결과는 교수효능감에 영향을 준 요소는 교수-학습지도안 개발, 수업시연 후 반성이었고, 표현지식에 영향을 준 요소로는 수업시연을 위한 교재개발, 내용지식과 교육과정지식은 교과서분석과제, 평가지식은 형성평가계획 및 문항제작의 경험이었다. 반면 교수법지식과 학생지식개발을 위한 경험은 부족하다고 하였다. 이러한 결과는 교사양성과정에서 예비교사들이 수업을 준비하고 실행하거나 교재개발의 경험과 같은 현장 수업과 관련 있는 다양한 기회가 제공되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a teaching methods course on pre-service teachers’ teaching efficacy and their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in a secondary teacher education program. In order to achieve this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used. Pre- and post-tests using two instruments measuring teaching efficacy and PCK were administered to twenty-six pre-service teachers before and after a teaching methods course. A paired t-test was employed to analyze mean score changes between the pre- and post-tests. The results indicated statistically significant changes in pre-service teachers’ teaching efficacy as well as representation, content, evaluation, and curriculum knowledge. However, no statistically significant changes were found in pre-service teachers’ knowledge of teaching methods and students. For the qualitative investigation, eight pre-service teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that experiences in the methods course, such as development of lesson plans, reflections on their own micro-teaching, and observation of peer teaching, influence pre-service teachers’teaching efficacy. The experience of developing teaching materials helped pre-service teachers enhance representation knowledge. In addition, the experiences of analyzing the 7th National Curriculum helped pre-service teachers gain content and curriculum knowledge, while their experience of developing formative evaluations contributed to their increased evaluation knowledge. Results of the study implied the need for the provision of diverse educational opportunities that can provide varied hands-on experiences to pre-service teachers in such domains as curriculum development as well as preparation and implementation of actual lessons.
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