21세기 해상 실크로드 중국 취안저우 항만활성화에 관한 연구
The Study on the Activation of Quanzhou Port on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in China
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초록
중국은 일대일로(一带一路) 정책을 추진하고 있는 가운데 21세기 해상 실크로드의 시발점으로 푸젠성의 취안저우 항만을 선정하였다. 하지만 중국 남부의 항만물류 체계는 푸젠성의 성도에 위치한 푸저우항과 대만과 인접한 샤먼항을 중심으로 구축되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국의 일대일로 정책 이후 인근 항만과의 치열한 경쟁에 직면하고 있는 취안저우항의 활성화에 영향을 미치는 평가요인들을 파악하고, 세부 평가요소의 우선순위에 따른 경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 항만정책의 방향을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 항만 경쟁력을 평가하고자 의사결정기법인 Fuzzy-AHP와 ELECTRE III기법을 적용하여 항만규모, 항만입지, 배후경제, 항만비용, 운영관리, 성장잠재력의 6가지 주요 평가요인과 18가지 세부평가 요소에 대한 중요도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 경쟁력 순위는 카오슝항, 샤먼항, 푸저우항, 타이중항, 취안저우항으로 나타났고, 취안저우항은 총체적인 경쟁력 강화 전략이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 항만 기반시설 확충을 통해 항만비용 절감방안이 필요하며 지속적인 물동량 확보 노력이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
The port of Quanzhou became the origin of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road based upon the One Belt and One Road Initiative. The development of port logistics in the south China sea has however been implemented by around the port of Fuzhou and the port of Xiamen since Fuzhou is the capital city of Fujian Sheng and Xiamen is located near to Taiwan. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness of the port of Quanzhou facing fierce port competition in south Chain sea based on the criteria selected by experts and then suggests the policy direction for promoting port activation. Using Fuzzy-AHP and ELECTRE III, port competitiveness is evaluated according to the total weights obtained based on the different criteria used. The key criteria consisting of 6 factors(size, location, hinterland, costs, operations, and growth potential) that are divided into 18 sub-criteria is identified, and six competing ports are selected with respect to geographical neighboring. The ranking orders by ELECTRE III are as follows: Kaohsiung port, Xiamen port, Fuzhou port, Taichug port, and Quanzhou port. The findings show that the port of Quanzhou appears last in the ordering sequence resulting in the need of integrative approaches to elevate its competitiveness. In particular, it is required to focus on the development of port infrastructure for reducing total logistics costs and to develop marketing strategies for the inducement of firm investment in the port hinterland.
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