보상물 속성에 따른 목표 프레이밍이 후원형 크라우드 펀딩 참여 의도에 미치는 영향: 소비자의 지각된 목표와의 거리의 매개 효과를 중심으로
The Effect of Goal Framing Based on Reward Type on Participation Intention of Reward-Based Crowdfunding: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Perceived Goal Distance
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초록
본 연구는 후원형 크라우드 펀딩 상황에서 보상물의 쾌락적 속성 정도(more hedonic vs. less hedonic)에 따른 후원 의도가 목표 프레이밍(% 달성률 vs. 누적 후원자 수)에 따라 달라짐을 검증하고, 이에 배경하는 심리적 기제를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 두 번의 실험이 진행되었으며, 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보상물의 쾌락적 속성 정도에 따라 소비자의 후원 의도가 달라졌다. 즉, 쾌락적 속성이 낮은(높은) 보상물의 경우, 소비자들은 목표와의 거리를 더 가깝게(멀게) 인지하여, 더 높은 후원 의도를 나타냈다(실험 1). 둘째, 보상물의 쾌락적 속성 정도에 따른 후원 의도는 제시된 목표 프레이밍에 따라 달라졌다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 쾌락적 속성이 낮은(높은) 보상물의 경우, “% 달성률”(누적 후원자 수)로 제시된 목표 프레이밍이 후원 의도를 더 높이는(낮추는) 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 보상물의 쾌락적 속성 정도에 따른 목표 프레이밍이 후원 의도에 미치는 영향은 소비자의 지각된 목표와의 거리를 매개하여 발생한다. 다시 말해서, 쾌락적 속성이 낮은(높은) 보상물의 경우, 제시된 “% 달성률”(누적 후원자 수)의 목표 프레이밍은 소비자의 지각된 목표와의 거리를 더 가깝게 인지하여 후원 의도를 높이는 것으로 나타났다(실험 2).
Abstract
The current research explores how goal framing(% achievement rate vs. the number of backers) has an effect on donation intentions based on different reward types(more hedonic vs. less hedonic) and identifies its underlying psychological mechanism. Study 1 shows that consumers’ donation intentions vary depending on the level of hedonic attributes of rewards. In fact, the donation intention of consumers is low(vs. high) when less(vs. more) hedonic reward is provided, as they perceive the distance from the goal as close(vs. far). Study 2 demonstrates that there is an interaction effect between level of hedonic attributes of rewards and goal framing on consumers’ donation intentions. Specifically, in situations where rewards have more(vs. less) hedonic attributes and goal framing is also presented with % achievement rate(vs. the number of backers), consumers' donation intentions become higher(vs. lower). We also confirm that these effects are mediated by consumers’ perceived goal distance. This implies that consumers perceive that the distance from the goal is closer when less hedonic rewards and % achievement rate goal framing are provided, which therefore leads to higher donation intentions.
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