보험기업의 CRM 정보특성 및 시장지향성이 영업성과에 미치는 영향 -직무교육의 조절효과-
The Effects of CRM Information Features and Market Orientation on Salesperson Performance in Insurance Companies: The Moderating Role of Job Training
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 주목적은 영업사원의 성과를 제고하는데 영향을 미치는 제반요인들을 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 생명보험회사에 종사하고 있는 영업사원을 대상으로 실증분석을 통해 영업사원의 CRM 정보특성과 시장지향성이 영업사원 성과에 미치는 인과관계를 검증하였다. 구체적으로 CRM 정보특성과 시장지향성이 영업사원 성과에 미치는 영향에서 고객관계의 질의 매개적 효과와 직무교육의 조절적 역할을 검증하는데 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 실증분석 결과, CRM 정보특성은 영업사원의 성과에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 고객관계의 질을 통해 간접적으로만 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 시장지향성은 영업성과에 직․간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, CRM 정보특성이 높을수록 고객관계의 질이 증가하고, 시장지향성이 증가할수록 고객관계의 질도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 우수한 영업성과를 창출하기 위해서는 개별 고객들과 고객화 된 정보를 토대로 친밀한 관계를 유지하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요함을 의미한다. 따라서 기업은 영업사원들에게 제공되는 CRM 정보가 정확하고, 빠르게 갱신되며, 이해하기 쉽도록 하여야 하며, 각 영업상황에 맞도록 제공될 수 있도록 노력하는 것이 필요하다. 한편, 직무교육의 조절적 역할을 분석한 결과 직무교육을 많이 받은 영업사원이 적게 받은 영업사원에 비해 CRM 정보특성이 고객관계의 질에 미치는 정(+)적 효과가 더 강한 것으로 나타났지만, 시장지향성이 고객관계의 질에 미치는 효과에 대해서는 직무교육이 조절적 역할을 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 생명보험기업들이 우수한 영업사원을 선발하거나 교육할 때 고객관계의 질과 관련된 기준을 마련하고 이를 적용하는 것이 장기적인 관점에서 매우 효과적으로 작용할 수 있다.
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to find the causal factors that influence sales force and salesperson performance. This study focuses on the performance of salesperson. Specifically, this study argues that the causal relationship among CRM information features, market orientation and salesperson performance will be mediated by customer relational quality of salesperson. We develop the hypotheses from the conceptual framework and empirically test them for the salespersons of life insurance companies. Based on the previous studies and conceptual framework developed in this study, we derive 7 hypotheses. To test the 7 hypotheses, we estimate the level of fitness and parameters of structure equation model by using AMOS 5.0. This empirical study finds interesting results. The CRM information features has no direct effect on salesperson performance and just indirectly influence to it via quality of customer relationship. Compared to this result, market orientation directly and indirectly affects on salesperson performance. These results suggest that the most important thing to enhance salesperson performance is the maintenance of good relationship with customers. The job training has the moderating effect on the causal relationship between CRM information features and customer relational quality. But it is found that the job training has not the moderating effect on the causal relationship between market orientation and customer relational quality. These results may be due to the fact that Korean insurance company mainly focuses on training of the job skill and knowledge, not motivational elation of sales force.
참고문헌 (67)
- 김규동, "개인적 가치,고객지향성,적응성과 판매원 성과간의 관계에 대한 구조적 연구", 한일경상논집, 18, pp.93~118 (1999), 한일경상학회
- 박찬욱, "영업사원의 이탈에 따른 고객의 동반이탈 의도에 대한 연구", 마케팅관리연구, 13(2), pp.23~40 (2008), 한국마케팅관리학회
- 서문식, "판매원의 감정부조화와 감정적 고갈이 고객지향성 및 고객의 서비스품질 평가에 미치는 영향", 마케팅연구, 17(4), pp.47~75 (2002), 한국마케팅학회
- 이유재, "전환비용의 선행요인 및 결과변수에 대한 연구-서비스 가입형태의 조절효과를 중심으로-", 마케팅연구, 20(3), pp.1~28 (2005), 한국마케팅학회
- 이석준, "ERP시스템 구현의 핵심성공요인과 활용 성과에 관한 실증적 연구 : 중소기업을 중심으로", Entrue Journal of Information Technology, 2(1), pp.119~131 (2003), 엘지씨엔에스
- 이학식, "산업재 판매요원에 대한 통제유형,반응 및 직무결과의 구조적 관계", 마케팅연구, 15(1), pp.51~83 (2000), 한국마케팅학회
- 이형택, "CRM 시스템의 특성이 고객관계의 질과 영업사원 성과에 미치는 영향", 추계학술발표대회, pp.169~180 (2008), 한국국제경영관리학회
- 안광호, "영업사원의 직무성과, 직무스트레스와 이직의도 간의 인과관계에 대한 실증적 연구 - 직무교육과 전환손실의 조절역할을 중심으로 -", 아시아마케팅저널, 11(3), pp.125~149 (2009), 한국마케팅학회
- 유창조, "영업사원의 개별특성, 판매행동양식, 영업성과에 관한 구조적 모형: 기존 모형의 확장", 마케팅연구, 23(1), pp.1~21 (2008), 한국마케팅학회
- 전광호, "영업사원 이직의도의 관계론적 선행변수에 관한 연구", 마케팅연구, 18(2), pp.95~122 (2003), 한국마케팅학회
- 최낙환, "판매원의 고객지향성에 대한 조직몰입과 적응성의 매개적 역할", 마케팅연구, 12(2), pp.43~65 (1997), 한국마케팅학회
- Bennett,R, "Relationship Formation and Governance in Consumer Markets:Transactional Analysis versus the Behaviorist Approach", Journal of Marketing Management, 12(5), pp.417~436 (1996)
- Boles,J.S, "How Salespeople Build Quality Relationships:A Replication and Extension", Journal of Business Research, 7, pp.75~81 (2000)
- Bradshaw,D., "Managing Customer Relationships in the e-business World:How to Personalize Computer Relationships for Increased Profitability", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29(12), pp.520~529 (2001)
- Brady,M.K., "Effects on Customer Service Perceptions and Outcome Behaviors", Journal of Service Research, 3(2), pp.241~251 (2001)
- Brown,T.J, "The Customer Orientation of Service Workers:Personality Trait Effects on Self and Supervisor Performance Ratings", Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), pp.110~119 (2002)
- Brown,S.P, "Antecedents and Consequences of Salesperson Job Satisfaction:Meta-Analysis and Assessment of Causal Effect", Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), pp.63~77 (1993)
- Campbell,A, "Creating Customer Knowledge Competence:Managing Customer Relationship Management Programs Strategically", Industrial of Marketing Management, 32(5), pp.375~383 (2003)
- Challagalla,G.N., "Dimensions and Types of Supervisory Control:Effects on Salesperson Performance and Satisfaction", Journal of Marketing, 60, pp.89~105 (1996)
- Croteau,A.M, "Testing the Validity of Miles and Snow's Typology", Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal, 2(3), pp.1~7 (1999)
- Crosby,L.A, "Relationship Quality in Services Selling:An Interpersonal Influence Perspective", Journal of Marketing, 54, pp.58~81 (1990)
- Christen,M., "Job Satisfaction,Job Performance,and Effort:A Reexamination Using Agency Theory", Journal of Marketing, 70, pp.137~150 (2006)
- Davis,F.D, "Perceived Usefulness,Perceived Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Information Technology", MIS Quarterly, 31(3), pp.319~340 (1989)
- Eden,D., "Self-efficacy Training to Speed Reemployment:Helping People to Help Themselves", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(3), pp.352~360 (1993)
- Engle,R.L., "Sales Force Automation Usage,Effectiveness,and Cost-Benefit in Germany,England,and the United States", Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 15(4), pp.216~241 (2000)
- Grant K., "The Role of Satisfaction With Territory Design on Salespersons’ Motivation,Attitudes,and Work Outcomes", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), pp.165~178 (2001)
- Gupta,S., "Customers as Assets", Journal of Interactive marketing, 17(1), pp.9~24 (2003)
- J.A.Stuart, "Valuing Customers", Journal of Marketing Research, 41(1), pp.7~18 (2004)
- Han,J.K.,N.Kim, "Market Orientation and Organizational Performance:Is Innovation a Missing Link", Journal of marketing, 62, pp.30~45 (1998)
- Huntley,J.K, "Conceptualization and Measurement of Relationship Quality:Linking Relationship Quality to Actual Sales and Recommendation Intention", Industrial Marketing Management, 36(6), pp.703~714 (2006)
- Im,S., "Market Orientation,Creativity,and New Product Performance in High-technology Firms", Journal of Marketing, 68, pp.114~132 (2004)
- Ingram,T.N., "Selling in the New Millennium:A Joint Agenda", Industrial Marketing Management, 31(7), pp.559~567 (2002)
- Jaworski B.J., "Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences", Journal of Marketing, 57, pp.53~70 (1993)
- Verhees,Frans, "Market Orientation,Product Innovation and Market Performance:the Case of Small Independent Companies", Journal of Market Focused Management, 1(3), pp.119~135 (1998)
- Jones,M.A., "Switching Barriers and Repurchase intentions in Services", Journal of Retailing, 76(2), pp.259~274 (2000)
- Kohli,A.K., "Market Orientation:The Construct,Research Proposition,and Managerial Implications", Journal of Marketing, 54 (1990)
- A.Kumar, "MAR-KOR:A Measure of Market Orientation", Journal of Marketing Research, 30(11), pp.467~477 (1993)
- Kirca,A.H., "Market Orientation:A Meta-Analytic Review and Assessment of Its Antecedents and Impact on Performance", Journal of Marketing, 69, pp.24~41 (2005)
- Lee,J., "The Impact of Switching.Costs on the Customer Satisfaction-Loyalty Link:Mobile Phone Service in.France", Journal of Services Marketing, 15(1), pp.35~48 (2001)
- Low,G.S., "Antecedents and Consequences of Salesperson Burnout", European Journal of Marketing, 35(5), pp.587~611 (2001)
- Macintosh,G., "Relationship Development in Selling:A Cognitive Analysis", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 12(4), pp.23~34 (1992)
- Markus C., "Job Satisfaction,Job Performance,and Effort:A Reexamination Using Agency Theory", Journal of Marketing, 70, pp.137~150 (2006)
- Morgan,A.J., "Technology and the Sales Force:Increasing Acceptance of Sales Force Automation", Industrial Marketing Management, 30(5), pp.463~472 (2001)
- Mulhern,F.J, "Customer Profitability Analysis:Measurement,Concentration,and Research", Journal of Interactive Marketing, 13(1), pp.25~40 (1999)
- Naver,J.C., "The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability", Journal of Marketing, 54, pp.20~35 (1990)
- Payne,A., "A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management", Journal of Marketing, 69, pp.167~176 (2005)
- Peppard,J, "Customer Relationship Management(CRM)in Financial Services", European Management Journal, 18(3), pp.312~327 (2000)
- Reinartz,W., "The Customer Relationship Management Process:Its Measurement and Impact on Performance", Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), pp.293~305 (2004)
- J.S.Thomas, "Balancing Acquisition and Retention Resource to Maximize Customer Profitability", Journal of Marketing, 69, pp.63~79 (2005)
- Ring,P.S., "Structuring Cooperative Relationships between Organizations", Strategic Management Journal, 13(7), pp.483~498 (1992)
- Roh,T.H., "The priority factor model for customer relationship management system success", EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, 28(4), pp.641~654, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- Ryals,L, "Making Customer Relationship Management Work:The Measurement and Profitable Management of Customer Relationship", Journal of Marketing, 69, pp.252~261 (2005)
- Schultz,D.E., "The Evolution of IMC:IMC in a Customer-Driven Marketplace", Journal of Marketing Communications, 15(2), pp.75~84 (2009)
- Sharma,N, "The Role of Pure and Quasi-moderators in services:An Empirical Investigation of Ongoing Customer service Provider Relationships", Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 10(4), pp.253~263 (2003)
- Sharma,A., "Antecedents and Consequences of Relationship Marketing:Insights from Business Service Salespeople", Industrial Marketing Management, 28(6), pp.601~611 (1999)
- Shih,C.F., "Beyond Adoption:Development and Application of a Use-Diffusion Model", Journal of Marketing, 68, pp.59~72 (2004)
- Slater,S.F., "Does Competitive Environment Moderate the Market Orientation Performance Relationship", Journal of Marketing, 58, pp.46~55 (1994)
- Slater, S.F., "Market Orientation,Customer Value,and Superior Performance", Business Horizons, 37(2), pp.22~28 (1994)
- Slater, S.F., "Market Orientation and the Learning Organization", Journal of Marketing, 59, pp.63~74 (1995)
- Srinivasan,R., "Strategic Firm Commitments and Rewards for Customer Relationship Management in Online Retailing", Journal of Marking, 69, pp.193~200 (2005)
- Speier,C., "The Hidden Minefield in the Adoption of Sales Force Automation Technologies", Journal of Marketing, 66, pp.98~111 (2002)
- Spiro,R.L., "Adaptive Selling:Conceptualization,Measurement,and Nomological Validity", Journal of Marketing Research, 27(2), pp.61~69 (1990)
- Srinivasan,R.K, "Strategic Firm Commitments and Rewards for Customer Relationship Management in Online Retailing", Journal of Marketing, 69, pp.193~200 (2005)
- Sujan,H, "Smarter Versus Harder:An Exploratory Attributional Analysis of Salespeople's Motivation", Journal of Marketing Research, 23(1), pp.41~49 (1986)
- Barton A.Weitz, "Learning Orientation,Working Smart,and Effective Selling", Journal of Marketing, 58, pp.39~52 (1994)
- Staples,D.S, "A Self-efficacy Theory Explanation for the Management of Remote Workers in Virtual Organizations", Organization Science, 10(6), pp.758~776 (1999)
- Weitz,B.A., "Knowledge,Motivation,and Adaptive Behavior:A Framework for Improving Selling Effectiveness", Journal of Marketing, 50, pp.174~191 (1986)
