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온라인 학습환경에서 사회적 실재감 하위요인이 지각된 토론효과에 미치는 영향

The influences of social presence on perceived cognitive and emotional effects of online discussion

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키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구에서는 (1) 학생의 학기차, 같은 수업에서 알고 있는 동료의 수, 토론 그룹의 크기에 따라 사회적 실재감에 차이가 있는지 확인하고 (2) 사회적 실재감(하위요인)이 지각된 온라인 토론의 정서적, 인지적 효과에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 또한 (3) 토론 그룹의 크기, 학기차, 알고 있는 동료의 수에 따라 사회적 실재감이 지각된 토론효과에 미치는 영향력이 어떻게 달라지는지 고찰하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 사회적 실재감과 지각된 토론효과와의 관계를 보다 구체적으로 파악하고 온라인토론의 효과를 제고할 수 있는 사회적 실재감 촉진 방안에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 원격대학원에서 온라인 강의를 수강하고 온라인 토론에 참여한 학습자를 대상으로 사회적 실재감 및 지각된 토론효과에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자 그룹별 사회적 실재감의 차이를 분석한 결과, 얼굴과 이름을 아는 동료의 수에 따라 사회적 실재감의 모든 하위요인 점수에 유의미한 차이가 났다. 둘째, 사회적 실재감의 모든 하위 요인은 인지적, 정서적 토론효과 인식과 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 셋째, 사회적 실재감 하위요인 가운데 상호집중 및 지원과 개방적 의사소통이 토론효과 인식에 미치는 영향력이 가장 컸으며 정서적 유대감은 토론효과 인식에 유의미한 영향을 주지 못했다. 넷째, 학습자 특성에 따라 사회적 실재감의 영향력에 차이가 나타났는데,사회적 실재감 인식이 낮은 저학년 학생 그룹과 동료 학습자의 얼굴과 이름을 잘 알지 못하는 그룹에서 사회적 실재감의 영향력이 더 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 토론효과 향상을 위한 사회적 실재감 제고 방안을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between social presence and perceived effects of online discussion, and to gain some implications for enhancing social presence to facilitate online discussion. This study investigated (1)the differences of social presence(and sub factors) by students’ year of online class, number of acquaintance in the class, and size of online discussion, (2) the influences of social presence(and sub factors) on cognitive and emotional effects of online discussion, (3) and the differences of effects of social presence by year of online class, number of acquaintance in the class, and size of online discussion. For this study, the students taking an online course in cyber graduate school participated online discussion two times during asemester. After a semester, students participated the survey about social presence and perceived effects of online discussion. The results of this study are as follows: First, all of the sub-factors of social presence were significantly different by the number of acquaintance in this course. The more students know the peers, the higher they perceived the social presence. Second, all of the sub-factors of social presence correlated with cognitive and emotional outcomes of discussion significantly. Third, social presence was influential on effects of online discussion, especially, more influential on emotional effects than cognitive effects. Among the sub-factors of social presence, ‘mutual attention and support’, ‘open communication’ were significantly influential factors on effects of online discussion, however, emotional connectedness was not. Fourth, the effects of social presence were more powerful in a group of students who was lower grade and knew few or no acquaintance in the course. These group were perceived lower social presence than others comparatively. Based on these results, the strategies of facilitating social presence to enhance the effects of online discussion were suggested.

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