개인 문제해결 상황에서 인지양식과 메타인지가 비구조 문제해결 및 논증에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Cognitive Styles and Metacognition on Ill-structured Problem Solving and Argumentation in an Individual Problem Solving Situation
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본 연구의 목적은 개인 문제해결 상황에서 시각형 대 언어형의 인지양식에 따라 비구조 문제해결 및 논증에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 살펴보며, 메타인지를 메타인지지식과 메타인지조절로 구분하여 비구조 문제해결과 논증에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 분석하고자 하는 것이었다. 연구에 참여한 83명의 학부생들의 인지양식은 시각형 학습자가 63명, 언어형 학습자가 20명이었다. 연구결과는 첫째, 언어형 학습자들이 시각형 학습자들보다 비구조 문제해결과 논증에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 점수를 획득하였다. 그러나 논증의 하위 영역별로는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비구조 문제해결 성취도와 논증에서 메타인지지식 상위집단과 메타인지조절 상위집단의 비교 및 메타인지지식 하위집단과 메타인지조절 하위집단의 비교에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 여기에는 두 가지 해석이 가능한데, 한 해석은 메타인지 자체가 영향을 미치지 않았기 때문에 메타인지를 지식과 조절로 나누어 비교하여 검증하는 것이 무의미했을 것이라는 점이며, 또 하나의 해석은 처음부터 메타인지를 지식과 조절로 구분하여 비교할 필요가 없을 수도 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 비구조 문제해결과 논증과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 비구조 문제와 논증뿐만 아니라 논증의 하위영역에서도 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 서로 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 비구조 문제해결과 논증은 서로 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 보여준다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the effects of cognitive style (visualizers vs. verbalizers) and metacognition (knowledge of metacognition vs. regulation of metacognition) on problem solving and argumentation, when students individually tried to solve ill-structured problems. Each subject was asked to complete ill-structured problem solving test after he or she completed both questionnaires that identify his or her cognitive style and the level of metacognition. Eighty-three students were identified as visualizers; twenty as verbalizers. The results of the study show as follows: First, verbalizers had higher score than visualizers in ill-structured problem solving and argumentation. This indicates that verbalizers performed better than visualizers in ill-structured problem solving and argumentation. However, no effects of cognitive styles were found on the sub-elements of argumentation. Second, no effects of both the knowledge of metacognition and the regulation of metacognition were found on ill-structured problem solving and argumentation. There are two possible explanations. One explanation is that because metacognition did not affect on the dependent variables, there would be no necessary to divide metacognition into the knowledge of metacognition and the regulation of metacognition and verify them. The other explanation is that from the first, there would be no necessary to divide metacognition into the knowledge of metacognition and the regulation of metacognition in comparing the scores of ill-structured problem solving and argumentation. Third, the correlations were identified between ill-structured problem solving and argumentation, which indicates that ill-structured problem solving and argumentation are closely related each other.
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