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하이퍼미디어 보조 학습에서 스캐폴딩 유형과 작동기억이 정신모형 형성에 미치는 효과

The Effects of Scaffolding Type and Working Memory on Mental Model Construction in Hypermedia Based Learning

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본 연구는 하이퍼미디어 보조 학습에서 스캐폴딩 유형과 작동기억이 정신모형 형성에 어떤 효과를 주는지 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 6학년 90명을 대상으로 도움제공 집단, 도움중지 집단 등 두 개의 실험집단과 하나의 비교집단으로 구분하여 실험하였다. 피험자들이 하이퍼미디어 학습을 하며 개념도를 그릴 때, 도움제공 집단은 코칭을 받고, 도움중지 집단은 학습 중간에 코칭을 중지하고 힌트나 전문가 수준의 개념도를 제공받았으며, 비교집단은 코칭을 받지 않았다. 실험 결과, 스캐폴딩 유형은 도움제공이 도움중지보다 정신모형 형성에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 작동기억에 따른 정신모형 검사 점수는 언어적 작동기억을 제외한 중앙집행장치와 시․공간적 작동기억 용량이 많은 집단이 높았다. 그리고 도움제공 조건의 작동기억 하 집단의 정신모형 검사 점수는 예상했던 대로 도움중지 조건의 작동기억 상 집단과 차이가 없었다. 이 연구 결과는 하이퍼미디어 보조 학습 과정에서 개념도 그리기를 할 때 코칭의 도움제공과 작동기억 용량이 정신모형 형성에 긍정적인 효과를 미치며, 도움중지 전략은 인지부하가 커지기 때문에 작동기억 용량이 적은 학습자에게 적용할 때는 신중을 기할 필요가 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of scaffolding type and working memory on mental model construction in hypermedia based learning. The subjects were 90 sixth graders. They were assigned to either of the experimental groups (scaffolded-coaching and scaffolded-coaching-fading) or the control group (scaffolded only). The scaffolded-coaching group were given coaching about nodes and links during mapping on the hypermedia. The scaffolded-coaching-fading group were given hints or concept map of expert level instead of coaching, in the middle of learning. In contrast, the control group were not given coaching. The findings from this study were as follows: First, scaffolded-coaching facilitated learners' mental model construction in hypermedia based learning. Specifically, the scaffolded-coaching group outperformed the scaffolded-coaching-fading group in mental model construction test scores. Second, the high working memory group scored better than the lower in the mental model construction test, but subjects' phonological loop working memory did not have any effect on the test scores. Third, as expected, the low working memory group under scaffolded-coaching showed insignificant differences to the high working memory group under scaffolded-coaching-fading. The results of this study suggest that scaffolded-coaching and working memory affect positively on mental model construction in hypermedia based learning. If learners are provided with scaffolded-coaching-fading strategies, low working memory group should be taken into consideration with working memory load.

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