상이한 인지양식이 메타인지에 미치는 영향
The effect of different cognitive styles on metacognition
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본 연구는 학습자의 인지양식이 문제해결이나 학업성취에 영향을 미치고 학습자의 메타인지 역시 문제해결과 학업성취에 영향을 미친다면, 학습자의 인지양식이 메타인지에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 가정하에 상이한 인지양식 유형에 따라서 메타인지가 차이가 나는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생 358명을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 장의존형 학습자와 장독립형 학습자(인지통제) 간에 메타인지 능력에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 언어형 학습자보다 시각형 학습자(정보수집)가 메타인지 능력이 보다 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 총체형 학습자와 순차형 학습자(정보조직) 간에 메타인지 능력에 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 메타인지를 예측하는 변인으로 상이한 인지양식 분류기준 중에서 정보수집에 따른 인지양식 분류기준 만이 유의미한 변인으로 밝혀졌다. 이처럼 정보수집에 따른 인지양식에서만 유의미한 연구결과가 나타났다는 사실은 시각형 학습자가 메타인지적 사고를 보다 잘 할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 왜냐하면 시각자료는 보다 많은 정보를 빠르게 파악할 수 있도록 도와주기 때문이다. 시각지능이론은 이와 같은 결과의 해석에 유용한 해석적 틀을 제공한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate to see if there is difference of metacognition by various cognitive styles. The study was based on the assumption that learners' cognitive style could affect metacognition as long as their cognitive style affects problem solving and their metacognition affects problem solving. A survey research was conducted, the subjects of which were 358 college students taking a course of “Educational Method and Educational Technology.”The research findings were as follows:First, there is no difference between the field-dependent learners and the field-independent learners in metacognition. Second, there is no difference between serialists and holists in metacognition. These two results might show that learners can use metacognition regardless of field-independent vs. field-dependent cognitive style as well as serialist vs holist cognitive style. More research is needed to articulate the relationships between these cognitive styles and metacognition. Third, visualizers had higher than verbalizers in metacognition. Fourth, only information gathering cognitive style (visualizer vs. verbalizer) was found as a predictable variable in matacognition. These results mean that visualizers could have better metacognitive ability than verbalizers. Various studies on visual abstraction and human visual intelligence show that visual materials such as visual organizers, thumnails, diagrams, etc. can help learners understand much information swiftly. The theory of human visual intelligence that recently emerged offers important insight into the relationships between learners' metacognition and visualizer vs. verbalizer cognitive style.
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