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온라인 협력적 문제해결에서 고수행 집단과 저수행 집단 간 상호작용 패턴의 차이

Difference in interaction patterns between high and low performing groups in online collaborative problem solving

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주제분류교육학

초록

협력적 문제해결은 미래 핵심 역량으로, 실세계의 문제가 점차 복잡하고 다양해지는 상황에서 크게주목받고 있다. 학습자의 자율성이 높은 온라인 환경에서 협력적 문제해결이 효과적으로 이루어지기위해서는 서로 다른 아이디어를 공유 및 통합하고 전체적인 협력의 절차를 조절할 필요가 있는데, 이러한 과정이 성공적이지 않으면 협력적 문제해결의 수행 결과가 만족스럽지 못할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 온라인상의 협력적 문제해결 수행 수준을 구분하고 각 수준에 따라 집단 내에서 학습자들이 보이는 상호작용 패턴을 비교하여 차이를 분석함으로써 효과적인 협력적 문제해결 수행을 지원하기 위한 교육적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 두 명의 학습자를 한 집단으로 하여 총 25팀의 온라인 협력적 문제해결 과정에 대해 상호작용 유형별 소요 시간을 산출하고, 유형 간 연결성 패턴을나타내는 인식론적 연결망 분석(epistemic network analysis)을 실시하였다. 협력적 문제해결에서 고수행집단은 과제 내용 조절을 활동 후반에 더 많이 수행하였고, 저수행 집단은 정보 공유와 과제 수행 조절을 활동 중반에 더 많이 수행하였다. 상호작용 유형의 연결성 패턴 분석 결과, 고수행 집단은 해결안 작성을 중심으로 정보 공유, 협상, 과제 내용 조절의 연결성이 높게 나타났으며, 공감과 과제 수행조절 및 해결안 작성 간 연결성이 두드러졌다. 저수행 집단은 문제 정의를 중심으로 과제 내용 조절, 과제 수행 조절이 강한 연결성을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학습자들의 온라인 협력적 문제해결을 돕기 위한 구체적인 교육적 지원에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.

Abstract

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is increasingly recognized as a key competence for the future, especially as problems in the real world become more complex and ill-defined. In online environments, where learner autonomy is heightened, effective CPS entails the sharing and integration of different ideas, as well as regulation of the overall process. Failure in these aspects can result in unsatisfactory outcomes for CPS. This study compared the interaction patterns between groups of different levels (high and low performing groups) to draw educational implications for effective CPS. To this end, the CPS processes of 25 teams, each including a pair of learners, were analyzed with statistical analysis based on time spent on each interaction pattern category and epistemic network analysis on the connection patterns between categories. The findings reveal that groups with higher levels of CPS performance performed task content regulation later in the activity, whereas groups with lower performance participated in information sharing and procedure-related regulation in middle time periods. The results for connection pattern analysis of interaction categories showed that high performing groups showed prevalent connections of information sharing, negotiation, and task content regulation with solution writing. Groups with lower performance showed stronger connections between problem definition and task content regulation or task process regulation. The results of this study provide implications for specific educational practices to facilitate online collaborative problem solving.

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