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평생학습에서 블록체인 기술의 활용: 연구동향 및 주제 분석을 중심으로

The Use of Blockchain Technology in Lifelong Learning: An Analysis of Research Trends and Topics

이초희|장혜지|김예인|소효정|이가영
한국교육정보미디어학회 (Korea Association for Educational Information and Media)|2022.12|교육정보미디어연구 (Journal of Korean Association for Educational Information and Media)|제28권 제4호|pp. 1041-1067

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블록체인토픽 모델링평생학습BlockchainLDA topic modeling체계적 문헌분석Lifelong learningSystematic literature review
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구에서는 블록체인 기술이 어떻게 평생학습을 위한 목적으로 활용될 수 있는지를 체계적 문헌분석 및 LDA 기반 토픽 모델링을 통해 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2018년 1월부터 2022년 7월까지 발간된 평생학습 맥락의 블록체인 기술 활용 관련 국외학술 논문 64편을 체계적으로 수집하여 분석하였다. 체계적 문헌분석 결과, 전반적으로 연구의 수는 증가하고 있으나 설계/개발 중심의 연구가 대다수였으며 교육 분야보다 기술 분야에서 더 많은 연구가 진행되고 있었다. 또한 연구 대상은 대학생과 성인을 대상으로 한 연구가 대부분이었으며, 연구자 및 연구지역 또한 아시아․태평양과 유럽이 주를 이루고 있었다. LDA 기반 토픽 모델링 결과 여섯 개의 토픽이 도출되었으며, 이는 (1) 기관 간 및 기관 내에서의 여러 이해관계자 간의 학습 데이터 공유 프레임워크 제안, (2) 블록체인 활용 학습자가 학습 과정 및 학습 데이터의 중심이 되는 교육환경 제안, (3) 학습자 평가 및 데이터 축적 플랫폼 제안, (4) 평생학습 관련 학업 인증서발급, 저장 및 진위 여부 확인 위한 블록체인 기반 시스템 제안, (5) 대학 및 학점 은행 시스템에서 확장성에 초점을 둔 블록체인 활용 학점 관리, (6) 평생학습 과정에서 학생들의 적극적 학습 참여 유도를 위한 블록체인 기술 기반 시스템 제안으로 분류하였다. 토픽 간 내용의 중복성 문제를 해결하기 위해 토픽 재분류를 통해 데이터 공유 범위와 평생학습 과정의 기능을 기반으로 최종 프레임을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 블록체인의 교육적 활용에 대한 국내 연구 활성화의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 연구결과를 기반으로 향후 연구의 방향성을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study analyzed research trends and topics regarding the use of blockchain technology in lifelong learning using a systematic literature review and LDA-based Topic Modeling Analysis. To this end, 64 English academic papers published between 2018 January and 2022 July were collected and analyzed. The results of the systematic literature analysis indicate that the number of studies was increasing but most of the studies were focused on design/development, conducted in the technical field rather than the educational field. Moreover, most of the target learner groups were university students and adult learners, and the regions of authors and research sites were mainly in the Asia-Pacific and Europe. From the LDA-based Topic Modeling, six topics were extracted: (1) learning data sharing frameworks between stakeholders across institutes and within an institute, (2) learning environments in which learners can be at the center of their learning process and data using blockchain, (3) platforms for assessing learners and accumulating their data, (4) blockchain-based systems to issue, store and verify academic certificates related to lifelong learning, (5) credit management in universities and credit bank systems using blockchain for scalability, and (6) blockchain-based systems to facilitate the active participation of learners in their lifelong learning processes. Due to the redundancy of content among topics, we developed a new framework through a topic reclassification task. It is expected that the result of this study will be used as baseline data for future research about the use of blockchain in lifelong learning.

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