게임 기반 학습에서 자기조절 학습 지원전략 유형에 따른 학습자의 인지적 학습경험에 대한 멀티모달 분석
Multimodal analysis of cognitive learning experiences with the types of self-regulatory strategies in game-based learning
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게임 기반 학습은 학습자에게 흥미로운 학습경험을 제공하여 학습동기를 촉진 시킬 수 있는 효과적인학습방법이다. 학습자의 자율성이 높은 게임 기반 학습에서는 학습자가 게임의 목표와 학습의 목표를함께 달성할 수 있도록 수행 중인 학습과제 유형에 맞는 적절한 자기조절 학습 지원전략을 제공해 주어야 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 게임 기반 학습에서 제공되는 자기조절 학습 지원전략 유형과 학습자가수행하는 학습과제 유형이 학습자의 인지적 학습경험에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해대학생을 위한 게임 기반 학습을 설계하고, 학습과정에 필요한 자기조절 학습 지원전략 메시지를 유형별로 설계하였다. 연구참여자는 대학생 53명(남학생 17명, 여학생 36명)으로, 이들은 자기조절 학습지원전략 유형에 따라 인지 조절, 동기 조절, 통제집단에 무작위로 배치되었다. 연구참여자는 게임시나리오에 따라 메타버스 플랫폼에서 아바타를 조종하여 공간을 이동하며 제시된 세 가지 유형의 학습과제(지식․이해, 적용․분석, 문제 해결)를 통해 대학생을 위한 금융투자에 대해 학습하였다. 학습자의인지적 학습경험을 분석하기 위해 인지 부하 설문, 시선추적을 통한 분당 눈 깜빡임 횟수 측정, 얼굴표정 분석에 따른 주의집중 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 자기조절 학습 지원전략이 제공되지 않은통제집단에서의 인지 부하가 더 긍정적으로 평가되었다. 한편, 과제 유형에 따른 인지적 학습경험은측정된 모든 지표에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 게임 기반 학습에서 자기조절학습 촉진을 위한 지원전략과 학습자의 학습경험을 분석하기 위한 멀티모달 분석 방법을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Game-based learning(GBL) is an effective educational method that provides learners with engaging experiences and enhances their motivation. In environments where learner autonomy is emphasized, it is essential to provide appropriate self-regulated learning(SRL) strategies that align with the game’s objectives and learning goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of SRL support strategies and the types of learning tasks performed by students on their cognitive learning experiences in a GBL. For this research, a GBL environment was designed for college students, along with SRL strategy messages tailored to the learning process. Fifty-three university students (17 males and 36 females) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to three groups based on the type of SRL strategy: cognitive-regulated, motivational-regulated, and a control group. Participants navigated through a metaverse platform, controlling avatars to move through spaces and completing three learning tasks based on the game scenario. To analyze cognitive learning experiences, surveys on cognitive load, eye blinking of eye-tracking, and attention of facial expression analysis were conducted. The results indicated that cognitive load was more positively assessed in the control group, which received no SRL strategies. Furthermore, significant differences were observed across all indices of cognitive learning experiences based on the type of task. Based on these findings, the current study discusses effective design strategies for SRL support in GBL and multimodal methods for analyzing learners’ experiences.
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