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텍스트 기반 멀티미디어 학습에서 시각적 단서와 학습자 메타인지 수준이 인지부하에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Visual Cueing and Learner’s Metacognition Levels on Cognitive Load in Text-based Multimedia Learning

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 텍스트 기반 멀티미디어 학습에서 청각적 정보와 동기화 된 시각적 단서와 학습자 메타인지 수준이 인지부하에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학부생 82명을 대상으로 시각적 단서로 구분되는 학습 콘텐츠와 학습자 메타인지 수준별로 집단을 나누어 학습자가 경험한 인지부하에 어떤 차이와 상호작용 효과가 있는지 분석하였다. 본 연구는 학습자 메타인지 수준 검사, PSAT 문제풀이 학습 영상 시청, 회상자극 인터뷰의 순서로 진행되었다. 실험을 통해 수집한 생리심리 데이터는 시선고정, 시선도약과 같은 시각 행동과 동공 반응으로, 인지부하의 객관적 지표로써 활용하였으며 변수 간 상호작용 효과를 확인하기 위해 일반화 선형모형의 선형 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회상자극 인터뷰를 통해 수집한 내용은 주관적 인지부하 데이터로 활용하여 인지부하의 원인을 확인하였다. 생리심리 데이터 분석 결과, 시각적 단서가 있는 집단은 시선고정 빈도와 지속시간이 높았고, 시각적 단서가 없는 집단은 시선도약 빈도가 더 많았다. 시각적 단서와 학습자 메타인지 수준의 상호작용 효과에 대해서는 시선도약 지표에서 확인할 수 있었다. 회상된 인지부하에 대해서는 시각적 단서가 메타인지 수준이 낮은 학습자들의 인지적 처리 과정을 보조하여 외재적 인지부하 감소에 기여한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 시각적 단서는 학습자들의 주의집중을 지원하고, 메타인지 수준이 낮은 학습자들의 인지용량을 조절한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 또한 콘텐츠 제시방법과 학습자 특성은 복합적으로 상호작용하며, 이들 요소를 멀티미디어 학습 콘텐츠 설계와 학습 효과 분석 시 주요하게 고려해야 할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 제공하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of visual cues, which are synchronized with auditory information, and learner’s metacognition levels on cognitive load in text-based multimedia learning. For this purpose, 82 undergraduate students were grouped by learning contents classified by visual cues, and learner’s metacognition levels to analyze the differences and interaction effects on experienced cognitive load of learners. This study was conducted in the order of metacognition level test, watching PSAT problem-solving video, and stimulated recall interview. The collected psychological data through the experiment, which are visual behaviors such as gaze fixation and saccade, and pupil response were used as objective indicators of cognitive load, and a linear regression analysis of the Generalized Linear Model was performed to identify the interaction effect. The cause of cognitive load was identified through subjective cognitive load data based on the interview contents of the stimulated recall. The results of analyzing the psychological data, the group with visual cues had high gaze fixation frequency and duration, and the group without visual cues had a high saccade frequency. The interaction effects between visual cues and learners’ metacognition levels were found in the saccade indicators. Regarding recalled cognitive load, it was confirmed that the visual cues contribute to reducing extraneous cognitive load by supporting cognitive processes of learners with low metacognition levels. Based on the results, this study confirmed that visual cueing support learners’ attention and adjust the cognitive capacity of learners with low metacognition levels. Furthermore, the method of presenting contents and learner’s characteristics interact complexly, and this study suggested that it is necessary to consider these as major factors for designing multimedia learning contents and analyzing learning effects.

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