자폐 범주성 장애인의 웨어러블 테크놀로지 활용 중재 연구 동향
A systematic review of WT-based interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
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웨어러블 테크놀로지(이하 WT)는 자폐 범주성 장애인(이하 ASD인)의 사회적 의사소통, 자기조절, 행동관리에서 효과적인 중재 도구로 평가받고 있으며, 개인화된 맞춤형 지원의 필요성을 충족할 잠재력을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 ASD인을 대상으로 WT를 활용한 실험 연구의 전반적인 흐름과 중재의 주요 특성을 분석하여, 앞으로의 중재 방향과 향후 과제를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2014년부터 2024년까지 발표된 WT 관련 연구 17편을 PRISMA 체계적 문헌고찰 방법에 따라 선정하여 출판 연도 및 학술 분야, 연구 참여자, 연구 방법과 관련된 전반적 연구 동향과 WT 활용 중재의 특성에 대해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 매년 꾸준히 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 그 수가 비교적 적은 편이며, 교육 및 심리학 분야에서 가장 활발히 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연구 참여자는 주로 학령기 아동으로, 인지적 어려움이 없고 중복장애가 없는 ASD인을 대상으로 하였다. 셋째, 연구 방법은 단일대상연구와 집단연구를 포함하여 다양하게 수행되었다. 넷째, WT 중재에 사용된 기기는 주로 시계형과 안경형으로, 모두 상용화된 기기를 사용하였다. 또한 스마트폰을 연동하여 시각적, 청각적, 진동 신호를 활용하는 경우가 많았다. 다섯째, 종속변인으로는 ASD의 진단적 특성인 사회적 의사소통 능력 증진을 목표로 한 중재가 가장 많았으며, 자기조절 및 인지·학업 기술 증진을 목표로 한 연구도 다수 포함되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 ASD인을 위한 WT 활용 중재의 현황을 종합적으로 제시하며, 향후 연구와 실천적 적용 가능성을 제언하였다.
Abstract
Wearable Technology(WT) has been recognized as an effective intervention tool for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) in enhancing social communication, self-regulation, and behavior management, offering significant potential to meet the need for personalized support. Accordingly, this study analyzes trends and characteristics of experimental studies applying WT for individuals with ASD and to explore future directions and challenges in intervention strategies. For this purpose, 17 WT-related studies published between 2014 and 2024 were selected and analyzed using the PRISMA systematic review methodology. The analysis focused on overall research trends, including publication year, academic field, participants, research methods, and the characteristics of WT-based interventions. First, while research occurs steadily, the number remains small, with most studies in education and psychology. Second, participants were mainly children aged 6 to 12 with ASD, without cognitive impairments or comorbid disabilities. Third, the research methods included single-case and group designs. Fourth, WT interventions primarily used commercial devices like watch-type and glasses-type technologies, often integrated with smartphones for visual, auditory, and vibration signals. Fifth, the dependent variables mainly targeted social communication, with some focusing on self-regulation and cognitive or academic skills. Based on these findings, this study provides a comprehensive overview of WT-based interventions for individuals with ASD, highlighting current trends and proposing future research directions.
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