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장애 관련 용어와 개념의 재고

Reconsidering terminologies and concepts related to disabilities

허승준
한국특수아동학회 (Kacsn: Korean Association Of The Children With Special Need)|2016.06|특수아동교육연구 (The Journal of Special Children Education)|제18권 제2호|pp. 99-120|DOI 10.21075/kacsn.2016.18.2.99

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참고문헌

키워드

개별화 지원장애 용어개별적 요구대안 용어disability terminologiesindividual needsindividualized supportsalternative terminologies
주제분류교육학

초록

연구목적: 본 연구는 편견과 선입견의 축적으로 차별과 낙인의 근거가 되고 있는 장애 관련 용어들에 대한 분석을 통해 가치중립적 대안 용어를 제안하는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 연구방법: 연구를 수행하기 위해 RISS, DBPIA, KISS 등의 검색엔진을 활용하여 문헌을 수집하였으며, 장애(disability)를 중심어로 두고 차이(difference), 명명(labeling), 차별(discrimination), 낙인(stigma) 등을 관련어로 연결하여 검색하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 특수교육지원 대상을 선정할 때, 장애라는 용어를 필연적으로 잉태하는 ‘능력’ 대신에 ‘지원’이라는 용어와 자연스럽게 연결되는 ‘요구’에 그 기준을 두어야 한다. 둘째, 기존의 특수교육대상자 분류 명칭에서 ‘장애’라는 용어 대신 ‘지원’이라는 용어를 사용할 필요가 있다. 셋째, ‘특수교육’이라는 용어는 ‘교육’의 범주 내에서 제공되는 ‘개별화 지원’으로 전환되어야 한다. 결론: 본 연구에서 제안한 용어와 개념이 사용되는 데에는 여러 가지 한계가 있겠지만, 특수교육 전문가가 아닌 장애당사자인 장애학생을 위해서 긍정적인 적용을 검토할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose some alternative terminologies and concepts related to disabilities instead of traditional terminologies which have been accumulated by various prejudices and preconceptions. Method: This study employed a literature review method to achieve the purpose of the study. To review the literature, this study used search engines such as RISS, DBPIA, KISS, etc. and used the word of 'disability' as a main keyword, and the word of 'difference, labeling, discrimination, and stigma' were used as the related keywords. Results: This study proposed three suggestions: ① the term ‘need' should be used for the criterion to classify the subject of special education instead of the term 'ability'; ②. the term 'support' should be used to label the subject of special education instead of the term 'disability'; ③ the term 'individualized supports' should be used instead of the term 'special education'. Conclusion: There are some limitations to use suggested the alternative terminologies in the field of special education. It is required further positive examination not for the professional but for the students with disabilities.

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