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Developmental Stages of Trill Production by Korean Learners of Spanish

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The present study investigates how Korean learners’ Spanish trill productions develop across proficiency levels and whether word position affects their phonetic realizations. Using Spanish data from the Korean Learners’ L2 (Second Language) Speech Corpus of Seven Languages (교육용 한국인의 외국어 음성 데이터), we analyzed trills produced by beginning-, intermediate-, and advanced-level learners. The results indicated that, unlike L1 English or L1 Mandarin speakers, beginning-level L1 Korean learners favored the alveolar tap, likely due to L1 influence. Consistent with previous research (Face, 2006; Johnson, 2008; Rose, 2010; Waltmunson, 2005), trill production became more target-like as proficiency increased, with advanced learners producing the highest rates of canonical trills. Position (i.e., word-initial vs. word-medial) and surrounding phonological environment, such as preceding vowel or lexical stress, did not significantly affect trill production, although participants tended to produce slightly more target-like trills in word-medial position.

Abstract

The present study investigates how Korean learners’ Spanish trill productions develop across proficiency levels and whether word position affects their phonetic realizations. Using Spanish data from the Korean Learners’ L2 (Second Language) Speech Corpus of Seven Languages (교육용 한국인의 외국어 음성 데이터), we analyzed trills produced by beginning-, intermediate-, and advanced-level learners. The results indicated that, unlike L1 English or L1 Mandarin speakers, beginning-level L1 Korean learners favored the alveolar tap, likely due to L1 influence. Consistent with previous research (Face, 2006; Johnson, 2008; Rose, 2010; Waltmunson, 2005), trill production became more target-like as proficiency increased, with advanced learners producing the highest rates of canonical trills. Position (i.e., word-initial vs. word-medial) and surrounding phonological environment, such as preceding vowel or lexical stress, did not significantly affect trill production, although participants tended to produce slightly more target-like trills in word-medial position.

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