12주간 운동이 사춘기 전 아동의 골 성숙도에 따른 신체구성 및 체격 특성에 미치는 영향
Differences of body composition, physical fitness, and exercise-mediated changes following to skeletal age deviation in prebubertal children
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본 연구는 사춘기 전의 남녀아동의 골 성숙도에 따라서 신체적인 특성, 체력, 혈중 지질변인농도 등을 비교하고 아울러 12주간의 규칙적인 운동프로그램 수행 후 체격 및 체력의 변화정도가 어떤 차이를 나타내는지 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 초등학교 4학년에 재학 중인 남학생 86명과 여학생 75명으로 총 161명으로서 손부위의 X선 촬영을 통한 TW2법을 이용하여 산출된 골연령과 역연령의 차이에 근거한 골 성숙도(SAD)가 높은 HIGH그룹과 낮은 LOW그룹으로 구분하였다. 학교 정규수업과정 중의 체육시간을 이용하여 1일 40분, 주 3회, 근력운동과 점프 및 런닝으로 구성된 12주간의 운동프로그램을 실시하였으며 운동프로그램 참여 전후에 신체적 특성, 체력, 혈중 지질변인농도의 변화를 측정하였다. 골 성숙도가 낮은 LOW그룹에 비해 HIGH그룹의 신장, 체중, 체지방률, BMI이 유의하게 높았으며, 신체둘레 및 피하지방 두께에서도 HIGH그룹이 높았다. 또한 체력에서 악력은 남녀 아동 모두 HIGH그룹이 유의하게 높았으며, 윗몸일으키기는 여자 아동에서만 높게 나타났다. PEI는 남자 아동에서 HIGH그룹이 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며, 혈중 지질변인농도에서는 차이가 없었다. 12주간 운동프로그램을 수행한 후 체격, 체력 및 혈중 변인농도는 LOW그룹과 HIGH그룹간에 거의 동일한 변화 양상을 나타냄으로서 골 성숙도에 따른 운동효과의 차이는 확인할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 동일한 역연령의 사춘기 전 아동에서 골 성숙도가 빠른 HIGH그룹의 체격의 조기성숙, 근력요인의 향상 및 심폐지구력의 저하현상을 확인할 수 있었으나, 12주간의 운동프로그램수행 효과에 대해서는 골 성숙도의 영향을 확인할 수 없었다. 사춘기 전 아동은 동일한 역연령에서도 골연령, 체격 및 체력수준의 차이를 나타낼 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으나 12주간의 운동효과 차이에 대해서는 골 성숙도의 영향을 확인할 수 없었다.
Abstract
This study examined whether skeletal age deviation is associated with body composition, physical fitness and 12 week exercise-mediated changes in prebubertal children aged 9 years. 161 subjects (boy: n=86, girl: n=75) were divided into 2 groups as HIGH and LOW groups based upon skeletal age deviation. Tanner-Whitehouse 2(TWⅡ) method, using only the radius, ulna and 11 bones of the hand, was used to determine skeletal age, and skeletal age deviation(SAD) was defined as skeletal age minus chronological age. Body composition, physical fitness, blood lipid profiles and 12 week exercise-mediated changes of these variables were compared between HIGH and LOW groups. The exercise program, 40 minutes of physical education class as consisting of muscular training, jumping, and running, was carried out 3 days each week for 12 weeks. Height, body weight, percent body fat, BMI, body circumferences, and skinfold thickness were significantly higher in the HIGH group than LOW group in boy and girl subjects. HIGH group had a higher values for grip muscular strength than LOW group in boy and girl subjects. HIGH group had a higher values for muscular endurance as sit-up than LOW group in only girl subjects, whereas HIGH group had a lower values for cardiopulmonary function as Harvard step test than LOW group in only boy subjects. Blood lipid profiles showed no significant differences between HIGH and LOW groups. Exercise-mediated changes of body composition and physical fitness were not significantly different between HIGH and LOW groups. In these results, a high skeletal aged children showed an early growing of physical characteristics, an increased muscular strength, and a decreased cardiopulmonary function. However we could not find the differences of exercise-mediated changes following to skeletal age deviation.
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