초등학교 남녀 어린이들의 6년간 신체구성과 체력 변화의 종단연구
Tracking of Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Elementary School Boys and Girls from age 7 to age 12 years: six-year Longitudinal Study
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참고문헌
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초록
이 연구는 초등학교 1학년 7세에서부터 6학년 12세까지 6년 동안 남녀 어린이들의 신체구성과 체력의 변화와 성별 차이를 규명하기 위해서 실행되었다. 연구대상자는 2007년 초등학교 1학년에 재학 중인 7세 남자 어린이 18명과 여자 어린이 19명을 포함 총 37명이었다. 연구시작에서부터 6년 동안 매년 5월 동일한 방법과 순서로 측정이 이루어졌고, 체격과 골격성숙도를 측정하였고, 신체구성요소는 DXA를 이용하여 측정하였다. 체력 측정은 외발서기, 판 두드리기, 앉아서 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기, 제자리멀리뛰기, 악력, 윗몸일으키기, 오래 매달리기, 50 m 왕복달리기, PACER이었다. 남녀 어린이들의 신장(p<.01), 엉덩이둘레(p<.001), 위팔 뒤 피하지방(p<.01), 허리뼈 위 피하지방(p<.01), 넙다리 중앙 피하지방(p<.001), 종아리 중아 피하지방(p<.001)에서는 성별, 측정시기에 따른 유의한 상호작용효과가 나타났으며, 피하지방을 제외한 체격요인은 남녀 공히 6년 동안 꾸준히 증가하였다. 체지방률과 골밀도는 성별, 시기에 따른 통계적으로 유의한 상호작용효과가 나타났으며, 제지방조직, 뼈무기질량과 골밀도는 남녀 모두 6년 동안 꾸준히 증가하였다. 남녀 어린이의 RUS 점수는 성별, 시기별 상호작용효과와 주효과에서 모두 유의하였다. 앉아서 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기(p<.001), 제자리멀리뛰기(p<.01), 윗몸일으키기(p<.05)에서는 성별, 연령별 유의한 상호작용효과가 나타났으며, 여자어린이들은 외발서기(9세와 10세)와 앉아서 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기(10세, 11세, 12세)에서 남자보다 우수한 성적을 보였고, 윗몸일으키기(12세)에서는 남자가 여자보다 우수하였다. 결론적으로 남녀 어린이의 체지방율과 지방조직은 11세까지 증가한 후 감소하였고, 제지방조직과 골밀도는 12세까지 증가하였다. 체력요인에서는 유연성, 순발력, 근지구력 요인이 성별, 연령에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the tracking of body composition and physical fitness in boys and girls for 6 years. Thirty-seven boys and girls participated throughout the study. All measurements were performed annually. Body height, body weight, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured by DXA. Nine physical fitness tests were administered. Results of the study showed that there are significant interaction effects of time and group for body height(p<.01), waist circumference(p<.001), and skinfolds at triceps(p<.01), suprailiac(p<.01), thigh(p<.001) and medial calf(p<.01). All anthorpometric variables except skinfold thickness increased during the study period. Significant interaction effects of time and group were found for percent body fat(p<.05) and bone mineral density(p<.01). Percent body fat and fat tissue increased in boys from 7 to 11 years, then decreased in 12 years. Lean tissue(p<.001), bone mineral content(p<.001) and bone mineral density(p<.001) increased both in boys and girls throughout the study. There were significant interaction effect of time and group on sit and reach, standing long jump and sit-ups. In conclusion, percent body fat and fat tissue increased until 11 years, lean tissue and bone mineral density increased throughout the study both in boys and girls.
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