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행복한 아이가 학업성취도가 높은가?: 초등학생의 행복감과 학업수행능력 간 자기회귀교차지연 효과검증

The longitudinal relationships between the happiness and academic achievement of elementary school students: An autoregressive cross-lagged model

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본 연구는 초등학생의 행복감과 학업성취 간의 인과관계를 규명하는 기존 연구가 주로 횡단자료에 의존하였기 때문에 엄밀한 인과관계를 규명하지 못한 한계를 극복하고, 종단자료를 사용하여 행복감과 학업성취도 중 어떤 변수가 원인으로서 작용하는지 면밀하게 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널(Panel Study on Korean Children) 데이터의 9-11차년도(2016-2018) 자료를 사용하였으며, 자기회귀교차지연모형을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의 행복감은 시간에 따라 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 이전 시점의 행복감이 이후 시점의 행복감에 미치는 영향은 유의하였다. 둘째, 아동의 학업수행능력은 아동의 행복감과 같이 시간의 변화에 따라 안정적으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동의 행복감이 학업수행능력에 미치는 영향과 학업수행능력이 행복감에 미치는 영향은 모두 유의하였 다. 교차지연계수를 보면 행복감이 학업수행능력에 미치는 영향이 조금 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 아동의 행복감과 학업수행능력 간 관계 경로의 남녀 간 차이는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존의 이론과 논리를 바탕으로 인과관계를 설정하여 이에 따라 도출된 관계를 해석하는 기존 횡단연구의 한계를 극복하고, 두 변인간 관계를 자기회귀교차지연 모형을 통해 경험적으로 검증했다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한 초등학교 시기는 인지적 발달 및 다양한 심리적 발달이 이루어지는 중요한 시기로, 이 시기 아동의 행복감 및 학업수행능력 제고를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Previous studies on the relationship between children's happiness and academic achievement mainly relied on cross-sectional data. There is a lack of longitudinal studies to further illuminate the causal relationship between the two variables. Thus, an important unresolved research question is whether children's happiness affects academic achievement or vice versa or whether they mutually influence each other. We used an autoregressive cross-lagged model across a 3-year period. Our sample consisted of elementary students who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, from 2016 to 2018. We found that children's happiness and academic achievement had a significant positive autoregressive effect on the feeling of happiness and academic achievement of subsequent years respectively. As a result of examining the mutual influence relationship between the happiness and academic achievement of elementary school students children's happiness had a statistically significant effect on academic achievement. And the effect of academic achievement on children's happiness was also statistically significant. In other words, they had positive cross-lagged effects on each other. In terms of the sizes of cross-lagged coefficients, students happiness had a slightly larger effect on academic performance. Finally, there was no significant difference between boys and girls in the path coefficient between children's happiness and academic performance.

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