코로나 사태 전후 사회계층별 사교육 이용률 분석 : 서울 지역을 중심으로
Heterogeneous Change in Private Tutoring during Covid-19 : Evidence from Seoul
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본 연구의 목적은 서울 지역의 코로나 사태 전후 사회계층별 사교육 이용률 변화를 살펴보고 계층 간 변화패턴차이의 원인을 밝히는 것이다. 통계청 초중고사교육비조사 자료를 회귀모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 코로나 바이러스가대유행 국면에 접어든 2020년에 모든 사회계층의 사교육 이용률이 직전년도 대비 감소하였으나 그 변화율에 사회계층별차이가 발견되었다. 높은 사회계층의 직전년도 대비 변화율은 –7.6% 수준으로 나타났지만 낮은 사회계층의 경우–11.6% 수준으로 훨씬 더 큰 수치를 기록했으며, 두 계층 간 변화율 차이는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 사교육 유형과 과목별 변화패턴을 확인한 결과 대면접촉을 필요로 하는 오프라인 형태의 사교육과 국·영·수·사·과이외의 기타과목에서 두드러진 감소가 발견되었다. 사회계층 간 상이한 사교육 이용률 변화패턴이 어떤 요인에 기인한것인지 사교육 수요와 공급측 요인으로 구분하여 확인한 결과, 수요측 요인인 사회계층별 이질적 소득충격이 이번변화 양상을 일부 설명할 수 있다고 분석되었다. 이번 연구는 코로나 사태 이후 사회계층별 교육투자 상황을 자세히분석함으로써 아직 크게 진행되지 않은 국내 연구문헌을 확장하고 있으며, 교육정책 수립에 시의성 있는 정보를제공하며 정책적으로 기여하고 있다
Abstract
This paper investigates whether there has been a heterogeneous change in private tutoring by socioeconomic status (SES) during covid-19 using the private education expenditure survey from Statistics Korea. After the outbreak of covid-19, the usage rate of private tutoring decreased in all SES groups. However, the lowest SES group showed a larger drop than other groups. The decrease rate of the highest group was estimated by –7.6% but the same rate of the lowest group was estimated by –11.6%. The difference between both rates was statistically significant. Offline private tutoring such as tutoring centers showed a significant drop in the usage rate. Tutoring for the peripheral subjects was dramatically decreased compared to the core subjects such as Korean, math and English. Among various supply and demand side channels, empirical evidence indicated that the demand side channel, heterogeneous income shock, could be a possible explanation for the heterogeneous change in private tutoring.
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