대기 중 PCBs의 PAS에 이용되는 여러 매체의 PCBs 침착 특성
Depositional Characteristics of Atmospheric PCBs in Several Media Used Passive Air Samplers
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the depositional characteristics of pine needles, pine tree bark, moss, and soil, which are used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: All four media were sampled from the same site. PCB concentrations were analyzed by GC/MSD,and the lipid contents were measured using the gravimetric method. Results: The total PCB concentration (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was the highest in soil (227.97pg/g dry), followed by pine needles (71.36 pg/g dry), pine tree bark (44.58 pg/g dry), then moss (21.91 pg/g dry). Pine needles contained the highest lipid contents (21.31 mg/g dry), whereas soil (10.01 mg/g dry), pine tree bark (4.85 mg/g dry), and moss (1.92 mg/g dry) contained less. The concentration of lower-chlorinated PCBs was relatively high in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but not in soil. The PCB concentrations were proportional to their lipid contents in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but a different trend was revealed in soil. Conclusions: The PCBs concentrations in the media were affected by various factors including atmospheric PCB concentrations, lipid contents, and depositional pathways. However, each of these factors had a varying influence depending on the type of medium.
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the depositional characteristics of pine needles, pine tree bark, moss, and soil, which are used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: All four media were sampled from the same site. PCB concentrations were analyzed by GC/MSD,and the lipid contents were measured using the gravimetric method. Results: The total PCB concentration (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was the highest in soil (227.97pg/g dry), followed by pine needles (71.36 pg/g dry), pine tree bark (44.58 pg/g dry), then moss (21.91 pg/g dry). Pine needles contained the highest lipid contents (21.31 mg/g dry), whereas soil (10.01 mg/g dry), pine tree bark (4.85 mg/g dry), and moss (1.92 mg/g dry) contained less. The concentration of lower-chlorinated PCBs was relatively high in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but not in soil. The PCB concentrations were proportional to their lipid contents in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but a different trend was revealed in soil. Conclusions: The PCBs concentrations in the media were affected by various factors including atmospheric PCB concentrations, lipid contents, and depositional pathways. However, each of these factors had a varying influence depending on the type of medium.
참고문헌 (35)
- Eitzer BD, "Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans", Environ Sci Technol, 23(11), pp.1396~1401 (1989)
- Gareth T, "Air-pasture transfer of PCBs", Environ Sci Technol, 32(7), pp.936~942 (1998)
- Bacci E, "Chlorinated Dioxins : Volatillization from Soils and Bioconcentration in Leaves", Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 48(3), pp.401~408 (1992)
- 최성득, "Passive Air Sampler를 이용한 잔류성 유기오염물질의 대기 모니터링", 한국대기환경학회지, 21(5), pp.481~494 (2005), 한국대기환경학회
- Shoeib M, "Characterization and Comparison of Three Passive Samplers for Persistent Organic Pollutants", Environ Sci Technol, 36(19), pp.4142~4151 (2002)
- 천만영, "소나무잎을 Passive Air Sampler(PAS)로 이용하여 대기 중 PCBs 농도 추정", 한국환경보건학회지, 38(4), pp.360~368 (2012), 한국환경보건학회
- Shim IY, "Spartial Distribution of PCBs Pine Needles", J. of Korean Society of Environmental Engineering, 24(12), pp.2227~2237 (2002)
- Aboal JR, "Sampling optimization, at site scale, in contamination monitoring with moss, pine and oak", Environmental Pollution, 115(2), pp.313~316 (2001)
- Leed WA, "Atmospheric Deposition of PCBs to Moss (Hylocomium splendens) in Norway between 1977 and 1990", Environ Sci Technol, 30(2), pp.524~530 (1996)
- Meredith M, "Polychlorinated Biphenyl Accumulation in Tree Bark and Wood Growth Rings", Environ Sci Technol, 21(7), pp.709~712 (1987)
- 여현구, "소나무 잎을 이용한 대기 중 PCBs의 노출기간별 침착특성", 대한환경공학회지, 28(8), pp.836~842 (2006), 대한환경공학회
- Guardo AD, "Conifer needles as passive biomonitors of the spartial and temporal distribution of DDT from a point source", Chemosphere, 52(5), pp.789~797 (2003)
- Bacci E, "Bioconcentration of Organic Chemical Vapors in Plant Leaves: Experimental Measurements and Correlation", Environ Sci Technol, 24(6), pp.885~889 (1990)
- Hauk H, "Uptake of Gaseous DDE in Spruce Needles", Environ Sci Technol, 28(13), pp.2372~2379 (1994)
- Sinkkonen S, "Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling", Chemosphere, 40, pp.943~949 (2000)
- 천만영, "지역별 소나무잎과 토양에 침착된 PCBs 농도 비교", 환경독성보건학회지, 24(3), pp.251~259 (2009), 환경독성보건학회
- Lim. TB, "Persistent organic pollutants in moss as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution in Singapore", Chemosphere, 64, pp.596~602 (2006)
- Wen S, "Polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD", Fs) polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) monitored by tree bark in an E-waste recycling area, 2009, pp.74, 981~987
- Guegen F, "Air quality assessment by tree bark biomonitoring in urban, industrial and rural environments of Rhine Valley : PCDD", Fs, PCBs and trace metal evidence, 2011, pp.85, 195~202
- Hermanson MH, "Polychlorinated biphenyls in tree bark near a former manufacturing plant in Anniston Alabama", Chemosphere, 68, pp.191~198 (2011)
- Tremolada P, "A Study of the Spatial Distribution of PCBs in the UK Atmosphere Using Pine Needles", Chemosphere, 32, pp.2189~2203 (1996)
- Xue LI, "Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure- property relationship analysis", Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20, pp.753~759 (2008)
- Chang FC, "Dechlorination pathways of ortho-substituted PCBs by UV irradiation in n-hexane and their correlation to the charge distribution on carbon atom", Chemosphere, 51, pp.775~784 (2003)
- Miao XS, "Degradation Pathways of PCBs upon UV Irration in Hexane", Chemosphere, 39(10), pp.1639~1650 (1999)
- Totten LA, "Evidence for destruction of PCBs by the OH radical in urban atmospheres", Chemosphere, 47, pp.735~746 (2002)
- Bacci E, "Bioconcentration of organic chemical vapors in plant leaves : the azalea model", Chemosphere, 21, pp.525~535 (1990)
- Mackay M, "Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properies and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals", pp.324~644 (1992), Lewis Publishers, Inc
- Pausch KW, "Determination of the Principal Pathways of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans to Lolium multiflorum(Rye Grass)", Environ Sci Technol, 29(4), pp.1090~1098 (1995)
- 여현구, "서울 대기 중 PCBs의 온도 의존성", 한국대기환경학회지, 18(3), pp.193~204 (2002), 한국대기환경학회
- Erickson MD, "Analytical Chemistry of PCBs", pp.1~7 (1992), Lewis Publishers
- Falconer RL, "Vapor pressures and predicted particle", gas distributions of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution, 1994, pp.28(3), 547~554
- 여현구, "식물을 이용한 대기중 PCBs의 농도 예측 평가", 한국대기환경학회지, 18(4), pp.265~274 (2002), 한국대기환경학회
- Chun MY., "A Sturdy on the Deposition of PCBs in Air on Coniferous Needles", J. of Korean Society of Environmental Engineering, 20(10), pp.1377~1383 (1998)
- Gouin T, "Evidence for “grasshoper” effect and fractionation during long-range atmospheric transport of organic contaminants", Environmental pollution, 128, pp.139~148 (2004)
- Hyun-GuYeo, "Air-Soil Partitioning of PCBs in Rural Area", Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 19(E1), pp.1~9 (2003), 한국대기환경학회