서울시 백화점 내 조리지역과 비조리지역의 입자상 물질(Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5, PM10) 노출
Exposures to Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5 and PM10 in Cooking and Non-Cooking Areas of Department Stores in Seoul
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), PM2.5, and PM10 in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, PM2.5 and PM10 were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and PM2.5 were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. PM2.5 were consisted of approximately 81% in PM10 and highly correlated with PM10 in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and PM2.5 was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.
Abstract
Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), PM2.5, and PM10 in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, PM2.5 and PM10 were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and PM2.5 were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. PM2.5 were consisted of approximately 81% in PM10 and highly correlated with PM10 in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and PM2.5 was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.
참고문헌 (23)
- Li WM, "Indoor air quality at nine shopping malls in Hong Kong", Sci Total Environ, 273(1-3), pp.27~40 (2001)
- Lee SC, "Inter-comparison of air pollutant concentrations in different indoor environments in Hong Kong", Atmos Environ, 36(12), pp.1929~1940 (2002)
- Tang J, "Volatile organic compounds in a multi-storey shopping mall in Guangzhou, South China", Atmos Environ, 39(38), pp.7374~7383 (2005)
- Lee SC, "Indoor air quality at restaurants with different styles of cooking in metropolitan Hong Kong", Sci Total Environ, 279(1), pp.181~193 (2001)
- Zhang Q, "Measurement of ultrafine particles and other air pollutants emitted by cooking activities", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 7(4), pp.1744~1759 (2010)
- Wan MP, "Ultrafine particles, and PM2.5 generated from cooking in homes", Atmos Environ, 45(34), pp.6141~6148 (2011)
- Peters A, "Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155(4), pp.1376~1383 (1997)
- Donaldson K, "Ultrafine particles", Int J Occup Environ Med, 58(3), pp.211~216 (2001)
- Donaldson K, "The pulmonary toxicology of ultrafine particles", J Aerosol Med, 15(2), pp.213~220 (2002)
- Donaldson K, "Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury", J Aerosol Sci, 29(5), pp.553~560 (1998)
- Oberdörster G, "Role of the alveolar macrophage in lung injury: studies with ultrafine particles", Environ Health Perspect, 97, pp.193~199 (1992)
- Nemmar A, "Size effect of intratracheally instilled particles on pulmonary inflammation and vascular thrombosis", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 186(1), pp.38~45 (2003)
- Thatcher TL, "Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence", Atmos Environ, 29(13), pp.1487~1497 (1995)
- Pelucchi C, "Long-term particulate matter exposure and mortality: a review of European epidemiological studies", BMC Public Health, 9(1), pp.453~ (2009)
- Puett RC, "Chronic fine and coarse particulate exposure, mortality, and coronary heart disease in the Nurses’ Health Study", Environ Health Perspect, 117(11), pp.1702~1706 (2009)
- Ministry of Environment, "Standard methods for Indoor Air Quality", ~ (2011)
- He C, "Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses", Atmos Environ, 38(21), pp.3405~3415 (2004)
- Qian J, "Estimating the resuspension rate and residence time of indoor particles", J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 58(4), pp.502~516 (2008)
- Ferro AR, "Source strengths for indoor human activities that resuspend particulate matter", Environ Sci Technol, 38(6), pp.1759~1764 (2004)
- Tasiæ V, "Comparative Assessment Of The Real-Time Particle Monitor Against The Reference Gravimetric Method For PM10 And PM2.5 In The Indoor Air", Atmos Environ, 54, pp.358~364 (2012)
- Repace J., "Respirable particles and carcinogens in the air of Delaware hospitality venues before and after a smoking ban", J Occup Environ Med, 46(9), pp.887~905 (2004)
- Green DA, "Mineral dust exposure in young Indian adults: an effect on lung growth?", Occup Environ Med, 65(5), pp.306~310 (2008)
- Kurmi OP, "Particulate matter exposure during domestic work in Nepal", Ann Occup Hyg, 52(6), pp.509~517 (2008)