소나무잎을 Passive Air Sampler(PAS)로 이용하여 대기 중 PCBs 농도 추정
Estimation of PCBs Concentrations in Ambient Air Using Pine Needles as a Passive Air Sampler (PAS)
0
조회
0
다운로드
14
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study was carried out to use pine needles as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: PCB concentrations in ambient air (Ca, ng/㎥) and deposited on pine needles (Cp, ng/g dry) were analyzed simultaneously from June 1 to December 31. Air samples were taken using a low volume PUF active air sampler and the overall average air volume was about 900-1,000 ㎥. Pine needles were collected at the end of August and December near the air sampler. Results: Ca were higher at higher air temperature and lower chlorinated PCB congeners, but Cp showed irregular distribution. The average PCB sampling rates from air to pine needles were 0.116 (0.002-0.389) ㎥/day - g dry. Conclusions: A poor correlation was shown between Ca and Cp. However, a good correlation was shown between the logarithm of octanol-air partitioning coefficient ($logK_{oa}$) and log ($C_p/C_a$), and the interrelation was better with longer sampling time (June to December) than shorter sampling time (June to August). The average PCB sampling rates from air to pine needles were the lowest with respect to PUF disk, XAD-2 resin and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) PAS. The average ratio ($C_{a-calc}/C_{a-meas}$) of calculated ($C_{a-calc}$) and measured ($C_{a-meas}$) PCB concentration was 0.69 with a shorter sampling time and 1.24 with a longer, so $C_{a-calc}$ was close to $C_{a-meas}$. It was found that pine needles can be used as PAS of atmospheric PCBs, and are especially suitable for long-time PAS.
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out to use pine needles as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: PCB concentrations in ambient air (Ca, ng/㎥) and deposited on pine needles (Cp, ng/g dry) were analyzed simultaneously from June 1 to December 31. Air samples were taken using a low volume PUF active air sampler and the overall average air volume was about 900-1,000 ㎥. Pine needles were collected at the end of August and December near the air sampler. Results: Ca were higher at higher air temperature and lower chlorinated PCB congeners, but Cp showed irregular distribution. The average PCB sampling rates from air to pine needles were 0.116 (0.002-0.389) ㎥/day - g dry. Conclusions: A poor correlation was shown between Ca and Cp. However, a good correlation was shown between the logarithm of octanol-air partitioning coefficient ($logK_{oa}$) and log ($C_p/C_a$), and the interrelation was better with longer sampling time (June to December) than shorter sampling time (June to August). The average PCB sampling rates from air to pine needles were the lowest with respect to PUF disk, XAD-2 resin and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) PAS. The average ratio ($C_{a-calc}/C_{a-meas}$) of calculated ($C_{a-calc}$) and measured ($C_{a-meas}$) PCB concentration was 0.69 with a shorter sampling time and 1.24 with a longer, so $C_{a-calc}$ was close to $C_{a-meas}$. It was found that pine needles can be used as PAS of atmospheric PCBs, and are especially suitable for long-time PAS.
참고문헌 (37)
- Eitzer BD, "Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans", Environ Sci Technol, 23(11), pp.1396~1401 (1989)
- Gareth T, "Air-pasture transfer of PCBs", Environ Sci Technol, 32(7), pp.936~942 (1998)
- Bacci E, "Chlorinated dioxins : volatillization from soils and bioconcentration in leaves", Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 48(3), pp.401~408 (1992)
- 최성득, "Passive Air Sampler를 이용한 잔류성 유기오염물질의 대기 모니터링", 한국대기환경학회지, 21(5), pp.481~494 (2005), 한국대기환경학회
- Shoeib M, "Characterization and comparison of three passive samplers for persistent organic pollutants", Environ Sci Technol, 36(19), pp.4142~4151 (2002)
- Chun MY., "A sturdy on the deposition of PCBs in air on coniferous needles", J Korean Soc Environ Eng, 20(10), pp.1377~1383 (1998)
- 천만영, "PAS를 위한 대기 중 PAHs의 소나무잎 침착율 산정", 한국환경분석학회지, 14(2), pp.83~88 (2011), 한국환경분석학회
- 천만영, "소나무잎에 침착된 PCDD", Fs 특성, 2005, pp.27(6), 599~605[DOI]
- 천만영, "소나무잎에 침착된 PAHs 특성", 환경독성보건학회지, 23(3), pp.213~220 (2008), 환경독성보건학회
- 심일용, "소나무 잎을 이용한 PCBs의 지역별 오염도 분포", 대한환경공학회지, 24(12), pp.2227~2237 (2002), 대한환경공학회
- Aboal JR, "Sampling optimization, at site scale, in contamination monitoring with moss, pine and oak", Environmental Pollution, 115(2), pp.313~316 (2001)
- Leed WA, "Atmospheric deposition of PCBs to moss (Hylocomium splendens) in Norway between 1977 and 1990", Environ Sci Technol, 30(2), pp.524~530 (1996)
- Meredith M, "Polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation in tree bark and wood growth rings", Environ Sci Technol, 21(7), pp.709~712 (1987)
- Safe S, "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans associated with wood-preserving chemical sites: biomonitoring with pine needles", Environ Sci Technol, 26(2), pp.394~396 (1992)
- 여현구, "식물을 이용한 대기중 PCBs의 농도 예측 평가", 한국대기환경학회지, 18(4), pp.265~274 (2002), 한국대기환경학회
- 여현구, "소나무 잎을 이용한 대기 중 PCBs의 노출기간별 침착특성", 대한환경공학회지, 28(8), pp.836~842 (2006), 대한환경공학회
- Guardo AD, "Conifer needles as passive biomonitors of the spartial and temporal distribution of DDT from a point source", Chemosphere, 52(5), pp.789~797 (2003)
- Yoo SG, "Deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on tree leaves", Korean J Environ Agricul, 18(2), pp.116~121 (1999)
- Bacci E, "Bioconcentration of organic chemical vapors in plant leaves: experimental measurements and correlation", Environ Sci Technol, 24(6), pp.885~889 (1990)
- Hauk H, "Uptake of Gaseous DDE in spruce needles", Environ Sci Technol, 28(13), pp.2372~2379 (1994)
- Sinkkonen S, "Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling", Chemosphere, 40, pp.943~949 (2000)
- Xue LI, "Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure- property relationship analysis", J Environ Sci, 20, pp.753~759 (2008)
- Chang FC, "Dechlorination pathways of ortho-substituted PCBs by UV irradiation in n-hexane and their correlation to the charge distribution on carbon atom", Chemosphere, 51, pp.775~784 (2003)
- Miao XS, "Degradation pathways of PCBs upon UV irration in hexane", Chemosphere, 39(10), pp.1639~1650 (1999)
- Totten LA, "Evidence for destruction of PCBs by the OH radical in urban atmospheres", Chemosphere, 47, pp.735~746 (2002)
- Chun MY, "A study on the sampling error of PCBs deposited on pine needles", Korean J Environ Agricul, 17(2), pp.117~121 (1998)
- Bacci E, "Bioconcentration of organic chemical vapors in plant leaves : the azalea model", Chemosphere, 21, pp.525~535 (1990)
- Bacci E, "Ioconcentration of organic chemical vapors in plant leaves : experimental measurement and correlation", Environ Sci Technol, 24, pp.885~889 (1990)
- Tremolada P, "A study of the spatial distribution of PCBs in the UK atmosphere using pine needles", Chemosphere, 32, pp.2189~2203 (1996)
- Morosini M, "Correlation between C-6", C-14 chlorinated hydrocarbons levels in the vegetation and in the boundary layer of the troposphere, 1993, pp.27, 1517~1523
- Mackay M, "Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properies and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Vol. I", pp.324~644 (1992), Lewis Publishers, Inc
- Pausch KW, "Determination of the principal pathways of polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to lolium multiflorum(Rye Grass)", Environ Sci Technol, (4), pp.1090~1098 (1995)
- Baek SO, "Effect of ambient temperature on the distribution of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the vapor and particulate phase", Journal of Korea Air Pollution Research Association, 14(2), pp.117~131 (1998)
- 여현구, "서울 대기 중 PCBs의 온도 의존성", 한국대기환경학회지, 18(3), pp.193~204 (2002), 한국대기환경학회
- Erickson MD, "Analytical Chemistry of PCBs", pp.1~7 (1992), Lewis Publishers
- Falconer RL, "Vapor pressures and predicted particle", gas distributions of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution, 1994, pp.28(3), 547~554
- Harner T, "Measurement of octanol-air partition coefficients for polychlorinated biphenyls", J. Chem. Eng. Data, 41, pp.895~899 (1996)