막스 셸러(M. Scheler)의 철학적 여정 - ‘실질적 가치 윤리학’에서 ‘철학적 인간학’으로 -

Abstract

This article was written to commemorate the philosophical achievements of Max Scheler(1874-1928). Scheler’s philosophical achievements are largely threefold. One is the establishment of ‘non-formal value ethics’ as an antithesis of Kantian ethics, the other is the establishment of ‘sociology of knowledge’ with Mannheim, and finally the creation of ‘philosophical anthropology’. These achievements of Scheler are closely related to each other, which is why it is called Scheler’s Philosophical Journey. But existing Scheler researchers have divided the formation of Scheler’s philosophical thinking into three periods centered on his religious attitude changes and have limited themselves to describing the philosophical characteristics that appear in each period. This description cannot portray the true picture of Scheler, who was in philosophical agony. Scheler’s writings are voluminous in quantity, but in terms of content, they consist of parts that reveal his philosophical orientation and parts that reinforce his philosophical conception. Among them, we examine Scheler’s philosophical achievements from the perspective of establishing ‘non-formal value ethics’ and the creation of ‘sociology of knowledge’ and ‘philosophical anthropology’, and examine the causal context in which they were established. This year (2024) marks the 150th anniversary of Max Scheler's birth, and 2028 marks the 100th anniversary of his death. In this meaningful year, we will reflect on Scheler’s philosophical journey and how his philosophy can be applied to today’s problematic situations. This is the purpose of this article.