시민의회를 통한 선거제도 개혁 사례연구 - 캐나다 브리티시 컬럼비아 주, 온타리오 주, 네덜란드 사례를 중심으로
Case studies of electoral reform through Citizens’ Assemblies- British Columbia, Ontario and Netherlands
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초록
선거법 개정은 국회의원들의 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립해 타협과 합의가 쉽지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 선거제도 개혁을 포함한 선거법은 정당, 정치인 그리고 선거권자인 일반 시민들 모두에게 적용되는 것으로 제도 개혁의 주체를 정당, 정치인에게만 의존하는 것에 대해 의문이 들지 않을 수 없다. 이에 선거제도 개혁을 일반 시민들에게 맡긴 캐나다의 브리티시 컬럼비아 주와 온타리오 주, 네덜란드의 시민의회를 살펴보았다. 시민의회가 최종 채택한 선거제도는 각각 달랐지만 학습과 논의를 통해 득표율과 의석점유율이 비례하는 선거 결과, 선거권자의 선택 확대, 지역대표성을 강화할 수 있는 선거제도를 채택하고자 했다. 아쉽게도 실제 제도 개혁으로 이어지지는 못했지만 시민의회를 구성하고, 결론을 이끌어내는 과정을 통해 시민들의 잠재력과 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 시민들이 선거제도 개혁의 주체로 활동할 수 있는 기회가 마련된다면 정치권의 신뢰를 회복하고, 주권자로서 제 역할을 해낼 수 있는 계기가 될 것이다.
Abstract
Amending Electoral Acts, is known to achieve compromise and consensus as the interests of lawmakers, are sharply opposed. However, Electoral Acts, including electoral reform, apply not only to political parties and politicians but also to normal citizens and we cannot help but question the reality that the main body of system reform still depends on the role of political parties and politicians. We looked at the British Columbia, Ontario, and Netherlands' Citizens' Assembly, to see how citizens have taken charge of electoral reform. The final electoral system adopted by the Citizens’ Assemblies was different, through learning and discussion, they sought to adopt an electoral system that would result in proportional electoral outcomes, greater voter choice, and greater local representation. Unfortunately, actual reforms were failed. However, the process of organizing, debating, and reaching conclusions showed the potential and promise of citizens. Therefore, if citizens are given the opportunity to actually act as agents of electoral reform, it may be possible to restore the trust of the political system and fulfill their role as sovereign citizens.
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